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Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (How to Protect…
Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Aquatic vs. Terrestrial Biodiversity
The human ecological footprint and fishprints are expanding rapidly, becoming hard to monitor.
Damage to the oceans and other bodies of water not visible to people.
People view seas as inexhaustible & that it can sustain all the pollution we want.
How can we protect these marine biodiversities?
Passing and enforcing laws and treaties
; Ex: U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, CITES.
Establishing marine sanctuaries and reserves
; Ex: MPAs
Managing fisheries
; Maximum sustained yield: maximum number of individuals that can be harvested annually from fish stocks causing population drop.
Subsidies
; governments investing in subsidies to fishers.
Sustainable consumption
; consumers should only purchase sustainably-produces seafood.
Restoration vs. Prevention
Prevention is far less expensive and more effective than restoration.
Ecosystem Economic Services of Inland Wetlands
Recharging groundwater aquifers
Reducing flooding and erosion; absorb storm water and overflows
Sustaining stream flows
Filtering pollutants
Supplying valuable products & Providing recreation; such as fish, shellfish, cranberries
Carbon sink
Threats
Draining and filling in for agricultural, mining, oil spills, rising sea levels, subsidence
How to Protect Freshwater Ecosystem
Laws
: No polluting, no damming, no altering of river banks.
Subsidies to sustainable practices
Establishing protected areas
Restoration
; Four steps: Identify threats to the ecosystem, halt the threats, reintroduce key species, protect from disruption
Sustainable Management
Support Populations; build reservoirs, ponds & stock them with fish.
Prevent Overfishing; regulate fishing seasons and size of fish
Protect Fish Habitats; Remove dams
Protect Populations from Invasive Species
MARINE
WETLANDS
LAKES