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Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (Protecting…
Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Protecting freshwater lakes, rivers, and fisheries
Protecting Wetlands
filtering
supplying valuable products
recharging groundwater aquifers
providing recreation
sustaining stream flows
carbon sink
reducing flooding and erosion
Oil spills
subsidence or sinking of wetlands due to upriver damaging
mining for minerals, oil and gases
rising sea levels
draining and filling in for agricultural or urban development or for eliminating the breeding grounds of insects like mosquitos.
Priorities: The Ecosystem Approach
Protecting Marine Biodiversity
Subsides
Sustainable Consumption
sustainable consumption, reduce the food waste 45% of all edible seafood ends in the trash
Passing and enforcing laws and treaties
1975 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
1979 Global Treaty Migratory Species
US.S Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972
U.S. Endangered d Species Act (ESA) of1973
The U.S. Whale Conservation and Protection Act of 1976
1995 International Convention on Biological Diversity
Also it is difficult to enforce laws in high seas.
Managing fisheries
Establishing Marine Sanctuaries and reserves
The IUCN has helped several nations to establish a global system of marine protected areas (MPAs)- areas of ocean partially protected from human activities.
Managing fisheries, the maximum number of individuals that can be harvested annually from fishing or shellfish stocks without using a population drop.
Aquatic vs Terrestial biodiveristy
1.ecological footprint and the fish print are expanding rapidly
2.Most of the damages in the oceans and other bodies of water are not visible to most people
3.seas are seen as an inexhaustible resource
most of the world's ocean area lies outside the legal 4.jurisdiction of any country
How can we protect and sustain marine biodiversity?