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CHAPTER 8 : THINKING SKILLS (Critical Thinking (Intellectual Standards for…
CHAPTER 8 : THINKING SKILLS
Definition
Cognitive processes which involve the application of mental and intellectual abilities to make sense of experience.
The Concept of Right Brain and Left Brain
The right side
of the brain is more dominant in performing tasks of emotion and creativity.
The left side
of the brain performs better tasks of logic , language, critical thinking, analytic thinking, numbers, reasoning and references.
Critical Thinking
Definition
The ability to think critically involves attitude, knowledge and skills.
Effective way to apply critical thinking requires factors and abilities
Identification of problems
Data interpretation and analysis
Gathering and organizing information
Data evaluation and appraisal
Effective communication
Characteristics of a Critical Thinker
Inquisitive, critical, ask pertinent questions and raise problems in a clear, well articulated and precise manner.
Comes out with well thought and validated conclusions.
Seeks to understand issues by gathering and assessing relevant facts and information.
Explores all possible alternatives, their impacts and consequences, repercussions.
Communicates and consults with others to find the best possible solutions.
Importance
Help us in making the right, well reasoned and informed decision.
Help us in making the best possible decisions through a rigorous, systematic and holistic process and approach.
Enables us consider and weigh all possible options, mitigate the risks of making wrong or inappropriate decisions.
Intellectual Standards for Critical Thinking
Precision
Relevance
Accuracy
Depth
Clarity
Breadth
Logic
Fairness
Steps in Critical Thinking
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Creative Thinking
Definition
Natural by-product of critical thinking, a by-product in the third phase of critical thinking which relentlessly seeks to improve thinking about thinking.
Importance
Opens us up to many possibilities.
Creative people come up with novel ideas, new ways and approaches.
Characteristics
Have a good sense of humour
Have high level of curiosity
Not afraid to take risks
Uninhibited
Sensitive to beauty
Steps in Creative Thinking
Defer judgement when looking for ideas
Think of and come up with all possible ideas and options.
Note down, list down and record all ideas in a proper written form
Constantly elaborate and improve on thoughts or ideas
Give some space and time for our mind to come up with ideas and nurture them
Lateral Thinking
Definition
An unconventional problem solving method, which employs an indirect and creative technique.
Tools
Focus tools
Harvest tools
Idea generating tools
Treatment tools
Mind mapping
Definition
A creative method of organizing thoughts and ideas.
The use of visual and graphical representation of ideas sensitives and stimulates the thinking process in a sequential, orderly, organized and systematic manner.
Late 1960's - The mind map was originated by Tony Buzan