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Standard file formats and compression (Two common standard audio file…
Standard file formats and compression
A standard file format is used to ensure that the files can be read by any application.
Two common standard audio file formats are WAV and MP3.
WAV
Uncompressed or makes use of lossless compression
Quality consistent with the original sound
Restricted to no more than 4GiB
Sampling rate - 44.1KHz - 48KHz
MP3
Compressed lossy format - same audio stream results in a smaller file for an MP3 file than it would if captured as a WAV file.
Depends on level of lossy compression (usually difficult for humans to notice the difference)
No defined limit of file size
Sampling rate - 44.1KHz - 48KHz
Both WAV and MP3 capture sound at 44.1KHz per second. You can reduce the sampling rate which will reduce the file size. However, this would also reduce the quality of the sound because you are not capturing as much data.
There are three standard file formats you need to know for bitmapped graphics, JPEG, GIF and PNG.
JPEG
Lossy compression - fewer colours are stored. This is usually not noticeable by humans. However overall quality is not as good as the equivalent PNG file.
Animation not supported
Transparency not supported
Colour depth 16,777,216 colours (24 bit depth) - suitable to store photographs.
GIF
Lossless compression
Animation supported
transparency supported
Colour depth - 256 colours (8 bit depth) - not suitable to store photographs as there is a limited number of available colours. Instead they are often used for icons and cartoons and low quality images, often in animated form.
PNG
Lossless compression
Animation not supported unless using an extended version like APNG or MNG
Transparency supported
Colour depth 16,777,216 colours (24 bit depth) - suitable to store photographs.