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Ionic Bonding (Materials with ionic bonds usually: (have high melting…
Ionic Bonding
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Noble gases (Group 0)
Noble gases already have a full outer shell. Noble gases are unreactive and don't normally form ionic bonds with other elements.
Group 2 & 3 metals
Group 2 metals always lose 2 electrons to form doubly positive ions.
E.g. a magnesium atom (Mg), with the electronic structure (2,8,2), loses both its outer electrons when forming an ion to make Mg²+.
Group 1 metals
Group 1 metals always lose 1 electron to form positive ions with a charge of +1.
E.g. a sodium atom (Na), with the electronic structure (2,8,1), loses its outer electron when forming an ion to make Na+.
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Positive ions (cations)
Positive ions are usually created when an atom or molecule loses electrons.
The metals in group 1 and 2 can easily lose electrons to become positively charged ions.
Negative ions (anions)
Negative ions are usually created when an atom or molecule gains electrons.
The non-metals in group 7 are most likely to gain electrons to fill up their electron shell and become negatively charged.
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Ionic Bonds - Non-Metals
Non-metal atoms always gain electrons to form negative ions
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E.g. F atom (2,7) → F- ion (2,8).
When atoms form ions, they try to fill up or empty their outer electron shell. In ionic bonding, a metal atom transfers electrons to a non-metal atom, allowing both of them (the metal and non-metal) to have a full outer electron shell.