Describe how the heart rate changes
and how it is regulated by neural, hormonal and intrinsic factors.

Neural Factors

Hormonal Factors

Chemical Factors

Heart rate during exercise

Heart rate increases to meet the demand of the exercise

There is a maximum point in the HR 220-age of athlete

Heart rate increase to supply active muscle with oxygen and remove waste products

waste products are carbon dioxide and lactic acid

heart rate steadily increases until it reaches maximum in which it will plateau

Heart rate is controlled by the nervous system

There are two branches of the nervous system, parasympathetic system & the sympathetic system

The nervous system is stiumlated by changes detected from the receptors

Chemoreceptors

Proprioceptors

Baroreceptors

The cardiac control center is located in the medulla oblongata which controls the rate of breathing via the nervous system

Adrenaline is the hormone released at the onset of exercise

Adrenaline stiumlates the SA node

This increases HR to provide more oxygen to the working muscles.

as exercise increase there is an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood

Chemoreceptors detect carbon dioxide in the blood, which then stimulates the sympathetic nervous system

This increase HR and reduce blood acidity