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Problems faced by rural areas in LICs and MICs (Food shortages and…
Problems faced by rural areas in LICs and MICs
Socio-economic factors
Unemployment & Underemployment
People are given seasonal job, instead of working full time. This is very prominent in areas where agriculture is a strong sector in the rural areas/
Population Growth
This would lead to an increase in the demand for food and services. This will also lead to a decrease in land available.
Rural-Urban Migration
Results in both an aging population and a decline in the workforce in the rural area. However, those who are in the urban areas tend to send money home.
Low Capital Investment
People are placed in a cycle of low output and poverty.
Wars and Government Corruption
Internal conflict can affect countries with high rates of poor nourished children badly. People being forced to move from their homes.
Corruption would not try to help those in the rural areas, but will try to maintain their own way of living and the wealthy people from any harm.
Human Diseaes
Not only kills but also has a debilitating effect of the work force. For example, 225 million cases of malaria, killing 781 000 people.
Services and infrastructure
Clean, piped water
Dirty water increases the incidences of diseases such as dysentery and diarrhea.
Sewerage
the complete lack of toilets or the use of communal pit latrines is common in rural areas.
Tarred Roads
farmers find it difficult to receive supplies and information about possible improvements of farming. they also raise little capital because they can not transport and sell their products.
Electricity
no electricity leads to wood being burned for cooking oil and heating. this cause lung diseases
Clinics and Schools
they maybe completely lacking and this causes children to move and stay with relatives.poverty also makes paying school fees had to find.
Food shortages and agricultural problems
Soil Exhaustion
Can be caused by over-cropping and mono-culture. This leads to low yields. Insufficient fertilizer and manure are added to replace the lost minerals
Drought
Can be disastrous: where seasons are predictable, it can destroy harvests and it can make it difficult in knowing when to plant
Floods
Can destroy crops. Some of the densest rural populations in the world occur on flood plains. Seasonal flooding can lead to complete loss of a year's harvest
Tropical Cyclones
Bring strong winds, torrential rain, and associated floods, which can destroy crops
Pests
Can affect crops and livestock. Various pests can destroy crops in fields or harvested crops in storage
Diseases
Can affect both crops and animals. A variety of diseases can destroy crops in the fields or again in storage
Increased use of Biofuels
In some crountries land previously used for food production is changed to produce crops for bio fuel, and this leads to increased food prices and decreases food supply
Social Changes
Can cause problems such as young people having a lack of interest in working and agriculture is held in low esteem
Land tenure Systems
Can lead to the land being cut into small plots with people's land being scattered over a wide area. Communal grazing may inhibit the possibilities of improving the land