Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution darwin (Evidence (Fossil records,…

- - - - individuals with advantageous adaptations survive
      - this without the adaptation may die
    - - surviving individuals reproduce
        
        pass genes to offspring
    - - advantageous traits are better suited for new environment
    - - over generations, adaptations are inherited within population
    - - variation in individuals of populations
- - - - different islands, different beaks
        
        beaks that could smash open seeds
        
        live on islands where hard seeds was common
        
        fine beaks to feed on insects
        
        insects were common on that island
    - - different islands, different shells
        
        saddle-shaped
        
        easier to raise head
        
        island had higher trees, cacti and leaves
        
        https://earthsky.org/earth/galapagos-giant-tortoise-conservation
        
        dome-shaped
        
        less necessary to lift heads
        
        island had vegetation lower to ground
        
        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galápagos_tortoise
  - - - examples
        
        dolphins and humans
        
        have arm and leg bud
        
        Stated Clearly- 'Evidence for Evolution' Youtube video
        
        all vertebrate embryos have gill slits and tails
        
        connect to throat in early in development
        
        fish and amphibians lead to gills
        
        forms lower jaw and bones of inner ear for mammals
  - - - homologous or orthologous genes
        
        examples
        
        human and chimpanzees
        
        insulin proteins are about 98% identical
        
        humans are more related to chimpanzees than chicken
        
        human and chicken insulin proteins are 64% identical
        
        s
        
        whale DNA is closest to hippos
        
        doesn't mean whales evolved from hippos
        
        they shared a common ancestor
  - - - similar physical features are present in a common ancestor
        
        example
        
        whales and humans
        
        placentas
        
        give live birth
        
        feed milk to young
        
        warm blooded
        
        2 nasal passages
        
        hair
        
        arm, wrist, hand and finger bones
        
        same as bats, dogs, birds and hippos
        
        1 more item...
        
        shrivelled hip, thigh and shin bones
        
        ball and socket joint
  - - - Gondwana and Laurasia- then split into two
        
        Australia broke off to where we are now
        
        climate changed from cold to hot
        
        some animals survived due to advantageous adaptations
        
        some animals went extinct
    - - https://www.123rf.com/photo_29119095_stock-vector-continental-drift-on-the-planet-earth-pangaea-laurasia-gondwana-modern-continents.html
  - - - displays change from one form to another
    - - evolution of horse
        
        Dawn horse
        
        size of a dog
        
        several toes on each foot
        
        teeth for browsing
        
        eating woody twigs and leaves
        
        today's horse (Equus)
        
        larger in size
        
        one toed
        
        teeth appropriate for grazing
        
        eating grass or forbs
      - Basilosaurid (ancient whale) and humans
        
        have hips, legs, ankles, feet and toes