BIOLOGY REVISION

Digestion

lipase

Lipids

Fatty acids

Glycerol

protease

protein

amino acids

Made in Pancreas

Secreated into small intestine

Mechanical Digestion

Chewing

Breaking down food takes 24hrs

Stomach

HCL

Epitherial tissue

optimum pH for enzymes in the stomach

lining

Can become denatured

Active site changes shape due to temp & pH

Where substrate joins & reacts

shape needs to to be specific

Lock & key => enzyme substrate

body parts involved in

Mouth - chewing

Oesophagous - Peristalsis - the process of. the oesauphagous pushing food down

Stomach - HCL - enzyme - protease

small intestine

Alkaline

Bile neutralizes

All 3 enzymes

villi

increase the surface area for absorption

microvilli

after the food is finished being completely run down & nutrients absorbed into blood

L.intestine

water is absorbed

Rectum

stores waste

Anus

waste excreted

FOOD TESTS

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TRIPLE STUFF

Growing bacteria

Binary fission (cloning)

Quick

Mutation sare more likely to occur during division

Drives evolution off bacteria

antibiotic resistance can happed very fast

Culture - liquid

transfere & grow

a

agar and Petri dish will be heated before anything is put on it

Aseptic techniques

sterilise

inoculating loop

work surface

air with bunsen

petri dish

keep lid shut as much as possible

tape lid shut

incubate at 25C

not 37C or otherwise it could effect humans

number of bacteria at end = number of bacteria X 2 (to the power of) number of divisions

testing antibiotics

Screenshot 2019-05-11 at 10.08.16

Aphids

vector

penetrate phloem

introducing a pathogen

remove sugar

insecticides

chemical

biological control

lady birds

Nematode worm

Feed on roots

less water

less minerals => less growth

minerals

Nitrate -> growth (aa/protein)

Magnesium

chlorophyll

yellowing of the leaves

Defences

bark and leaves drop off

waxy cuticle

bark

antibacterial chemical

cellulose cell wall

thorns

leaves fold up

mimicking

hairs

poisons

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