BIOLOGY REVISION
Digestion
lipase
Lipids
Fatty acids
Glycerol
protease
protein
amino acids
Made in Pancreas
Secreated into small intestine
Mechanical Digestion
Chewing
Breaking down food takes 24hrs
Stomach
HCL
Epitherial tissue
optimum pH for enzymes in the stomach
lining
Can become denatured
Active site changes shape due to temp & pH
Where substrate joins & reacts
shape needs to to be specific
Lock & key => enzyme substrate
body parts involved in
Mouth - chewing
Oesophagous - Peristalsis - the process of. the oesauphagous pushing food down
Stomach - HCL - enzyme - protease
small intestine
Alkaline
Bile neutralizes
All 3 enzymes
villi
increase the surface area for absorption
microvilli
after the food is finished being completely run down & nutrients absorbed into blood
L.intestine
water is absorbed
Rectum
stores waste
Anus
waste excreted
FOOD TESTS
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TRIPLE STUFF
Growing bacteria
Binary fission (cloning)
Quick
Mutation sare more likely to occur during division
Drives evolution off bacteria
antibiotic resistance can happed very fast
Culture - liquid
transfere & grow
a
agar and Petri dish will be heated before anything is put on it
Aseptic techniques
sterilise
inoculating loop
work surface
air with bunsen
petri dish
keep lid shut as much as possible
tape lid shut
incubate at 25C
not 37C or otherwise it could effect humans
number of bacteria at end = number of bacteria X 2 (to the power of) number of divisions
testing antibiotics
Aphids
vector
penetrate phloem
introducing a pathogen
remove sugar
insecticides
chemical
biological control
lady birds
Nematode worm
Feed on roots
less water
less minerals => less growth
minerals
Nitrate -> growth (aa/protein)
Magnesium
chlorophyll
yellowing of the leaves
Defences
bark and leaves drop off
waxy cuticle
bark
antibacterial chemical
cellulose cell wall
thorns
leaves fold up
mimicking
hairs
poisons
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