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Theme Three: Microbiology (LO3 (KEY TERMS (Staphylococcus saprophyticus…

- - - - Non-Haemolytic cocci
      - Part of normal human flora
      - Can become pathogenic
      - Two sub-species
        
        S. s. bovis and S. s. Saprophyticus.
      - commonly found in animals and their carcasses
      - 2nd most common cause of UTIs
      - increases risk it saphroticus. moves from flora to urethra flora.
    - - Trimethoprim
      - Nitrofurantoin
        
        resistant
      - Amoxicillin
        
        resistant
      - cephradine
        
        resistant
        
        It causes lysis of cells, by weakening bacterial cell wall.
- - - - painful or difficult urination
    - - Cystitis is the most common cause.
        
        Can be gross (seen in urine) or microscopic.
      - Caused by bleeding across any part of the urinary tract
        
        Allows blood cells to leak into urine.
    - - A strong, persistent urge to urinate
      - A burning sensation when urinating
      - Passing frequent, small amounts of urine
      - Urine that appears cloudy
        
        Urine that appears red, bright pink or cola-colored (haematuria)
      - Pelvic pain
    - - Treats Cystitis
        
        Penicillin Family
        
        Penicillin is an antibiotic that destroys Bacteria by destroying the cell wall of the microorganism.
    - - Pain in your lower abdomen
- - - - Number of breaths per minute.
        
        12 to 20 pm is average for an adult
    - - measure of force used by the heart to pump blood.
        
        Systolic (higher number)
        
        Diastolic (lower number)
        
        Can be caused by dehydration
        
        Can be caused by fever
    - - Body loses more fluid than it takes in.
    - - method of feeling with the fingers or hands during a physical examination
    - - Urinary Tract
        
        composed of the kidneys, the urethra, the ureter and the bladder
    - - To look for metabolic and kidney disorders and for urinary tract infections.
        
        Isolation and identification of urinary tract pathogens
        
        Coagulase and DNase test are also used to confirm the identify staphylococci.
      - Pale yellow or colourless urine indicates dilute urine where lots of water is being excreted
        
        Pale yellow or colourless urine indicates dilute urine where lots of water is being excreted
      - Flow cytometry is used to analyse urine samples, where forward and side scatter are measured
        
        Oxoid chromogenic agar UTI medium shows normal pigmentation for staphylococcus
      - deoxynucleoribose test
        
        +ve result = bright pink halo around the area of growth
        
        -ve result- absence of halo.
        
        organism is grown on agar and after incubation touhline blue is added , this causes a complex o form with the DNA which changes structure when DNA is hydrolysed.
      - Couagulase Test
        
        The test organism is suspended in citrated plasma is prepared and the inoculated plasma is then examined for coagulation(fibrin formation).
        
        Clot formation within 4 hours indicates a positive result.
        S.s gives a negative result.