Chapter 25: Populations and Ecosystems

Concepts

Population

Ecosystem

Community

Plants in Relationship to Their Habitats

Habitats

Operational habitats

Abiotic and Biotic

Abiotic Components of the Habitat

Climate

Soil Factors

Latitude and Altitude

B horizon

C horizon

Tolerance Range

A horizon

Pioneers

Disturbance

Biotic Components of the Habitat

The Plant Itself

Other Plant Species

Mutualism

Competition

Competitive Exclusion

Niche

Ecotypes

Transplant Experiments

Common Garden

Organisms Other Than Plants

Commensal Relationships

Predation

Herbivors and herbivory

Pathogenic

Frugivores

The Structure of Populations

Plants and People: Niches in the Jet Age

Geographic Distribution

Boundaries of the Geographic Range

Limiting Factor

Local Geographic Distribution

Random Distribution

Clumped Distributions

Uniform Distributions

Allelochemics and allelopathy

Age Distribution: Demography

demography

Generation time

Intrinsic rate of natural increase

Biotic Potential

Carrying capacity

r- and K-Selection

r-Selection species

K-Selection species

The Structure of Ecosystems

Physiognomic Structure

Life Forms

Temporal Structure

Species Composition

Trophic Levels

Primary Consumers

Secondary Consumers

Decomposers

Energy Flow and Carbon Flow

Primary Producers

A set of conditions in which a particular species can thrive, out competing other organisms

Increase travel for humans have caused the movement of animals

The Jet age of humans have caused a lot of problems for all the other species