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Poetry - summary (Nothing's Changed - Tatamkhulu Afrika (Context …

- - - - Language
        
        First person
        
        Present tense
        
        Window metaphor for social barrier
        
        stone --> bomb metaphor
        
        Intimate relationship with area in second stanza
      - Structure and Form
        
        Free Verse: not confined by limitations or expectations imposed by others.
        
        Bitter, powerful, aggrieved final line: 'We know where we belong'
      - Quotations:
        
        'No sign says it is; but we know where we belong'
        
        'I press my nose the to the clear panes'
        
        Hands burn for a stone - a bomb'
- - - - Structure and Form
        
        Free Verse
        
        Lines interrupted by other voices: broken and fragmented structure
      - Quotations
        
        'This is a rather short hop for me'
        
        Familiar England, motorways, reservoirs, building sites'
        
        'where we are now deals with tomorrow'
      - Language
        
        Beautiful Imagery contrasted with banal and cliched small talk.
        
        condescending other voices.
        
        paradoxical ending: 'Too cold, Too close to the sun'
- - - - Structure and Form
        
        Caesura and abrupt end of the first stanza.
        
        two short clauses at the end of the second stanza
      - Quotations
        
        'Yes. I remember Adlestrop -'
        -'The steam hissed. Someone cleared his throat'
        
        And for that moment a blackbird sang close by'
      - Language
        
        Affirmative Opening
        
        Repeated name of the village
        
        Syntactic parallellism in second stanza
        
        Soft alliteration and assonance in third stanza
        
        Listing of flowers
- - - - Quotations
        
        'Now a cold wind blows and the grass is grey'
        
        'Into urban roar'
        
        And one - has shut her eyes forever more'
      - Language
        
        Comparison between summer and winter.
        
        Present tense but reflecting on the past: back and forth comparisons
        
        Sibilance and personification of the sea.
        
        Periphrasis to conclude: about death. 'shut her eyes forever more.
      - Structure and Form
        
        Rhyming couplets in final stanza
        
        Caesura in penultimate line
        
        Suggestion of conversation at the start of the final stanza
        
        Concluding with reference to 'her': his wife perhaps
- - - - Structure and Form
        
        Ode in 3 stanzas of 11 lines with a regular rhyme scheme and use of iambic pentameter.
        
        Stanzas show the passing of time from early to late Autumn.
      - Quotations
        
        'Season of mists and mellow- fruitfulness'
        
        ' Close- - bosom friend of the maturing sun'
        
        'And gathering swallows twitter in the sky'
      - Language
        
        Personification of Autumn.
        -Sensuality of the language of fecundity
        
        Auditory references signalling the end of Autumn and the cyclical nature of life
- - - - Structure and Form
        
        Use of dashes influences the pace
        
        Narrative order of the poem
        
        Changes in tone
        
        Hymn-like quality to the writing creates a sense of reverence
      - Quotations
        
        'But no Man moved Me - Till the Tide'
        
        ' and made as He would eat me up -'
        
        with a Mighty look - At me - the Sea withdrew'
      - Language
        
        Personification of the sea
        
        sensuality of the language
        
        Imagery of being consumed or devoured
        
        The sea as both welcoming and destructive or powerful
- - - - Quotations
        
        'And ringing shrilly, taut and lithe'
        
        ' Night sank: like flakes of silver fire'
        
        'with all its organ stops again, prolonged the roar'
      - Language
        
        Use of colours; religious references and imagery.
        
        Sunset metaphor
        
        Oxymoron: 'Dark shining'
      - Structure and Form
        
        Repetition of 'prolonged the roar'
        
        Quatrains with regular rhyme and rhythm
- - - - Quotations
        
        Oh, to be in England now that April's there'
        
        In England - Now!'
        
        ' - Far brighter than this gaudy melon-flower!'
      - Language
        
        Emphatic present tense at the end of the first stanza.
        
        Personification of the pear tree
        
        Repeated use of 'blossom' and 'gaudy' to describe the Italian melon flower
      - Structure and Form
        
        Inverted Sonnet
        
        Final line expresses frustration and regret: 'I miss you, I really do' - ' I really do'