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HYPERTENSION (PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (Change in peripheral resistance and…
HYPERTENSION
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Change in peripheral resistance and cardiac output.
Blood vessels to wear and tear.
Arteries to harden and loose elasticity.
Cardiac work and cardiac output increases.
Heart enlarges to maintain the cardiac output.
The myocardium outgrows its blood supply.
Lumen of arteries narrow.
Renal blood supply reduction causes renal failure.
Vessel damage in the brain causes headaches .
The vessels rapture causes cerebral haemorrhage.
Vascular damage to the eyes causes retinal haemorrhage.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Headaches
Fatigue
Vision problems
Chest pain
Difficulty in breathing
Irregular heart beat
CAUSES
Family history of hypertension
Old age
Increased activity in renin angiotension system
Smoking
NURSING CARE PLAN
Nursing diagnosis
Deficient knowledge regarding control of hypertension.
Noncompliance with side effects of treatment.
Evaluation
Blood pressure is between 100/60 to 140/90
No signs of angina and vision changes
Nursing interventions
Counsel patients with a BMI greater than 25 to loose weight.
Advice patient to do simple exercises.
Give DASH (Dietary Approaches To stop Hypertension)
Counsel patient to limit alcohol intake.
Counsel patient to stop smoking.
Educate on lifestyle modification.
assist patient on how to manage stress.
Teach of classes of treatment .
Monitor vital signs.
Expected outcomes
Controlling blood pressure without side effects
Lower blood pressure
DEFINATION
It is an abnormally high blood pressure
The blood pressure is above 140/90