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Physiological Changes in the Life Course PT.2 (Nutritional Recommendations…
Physiological Changes in the Life Course PT.2
Young Adult ( 18-34 years)
adolescence to middle adulthood
physical and emotional changes
Preparing for adult rights, responsibilities and privileges
Physical growth complete by 20 years (Peak physical health)
Visual acuity peak 20 years
Hearing peak 20 years
Peak period for risky behaviors
Nutritional requirements
caloric increases substantually
Females child bearing age need iron, folic acid (0.4 mg/d) and calcium
Nutrient dense foods: Whole grains, fruits, veg, low fat milk, lean meat and protein sources
Middle-Age adult (35-64 years)
Biological, physiological, social, psychological and spiritual changes occur
changing family and social responsibilties
Physiological peak declines
Sedentary behavior = biggest public health problem 21st century
22% deaths worldwide occur due to lack of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle
Changes associated with aging
83% drink/ eat too much.
If sedentary functional aerobic capacity decreases
Blood vessels lose elasticity
Bone density and bone mass decrease
Changes in body composition
Osteoarthritis has peak onset in middle age
Appearance changes = hair thinning/ skin loses moisture and subcutaneous fat
Nutritional concerns
Chronic life-style conditions
Eat a healthy well-balanced diet
Maintain a healthy weight
Be Physically active
Include adequate calcium in diet
Reduce sodium
Practice good oral hygiene
Older Adult 65+
Aging is natural and inevitable, associated with deleterious changes in physiologic functioning
Loss of muscle strength - Participate in resistance and aerobic activities
Sensory decline e.g Taste, Smell, vision
Delayed gastric emptying
Lean mass replaced by fat
Reduced kidney and liver function
Loss of neurons and neuronal connections
Nutritional concerns
Many older adults are poorly nourished
Barriers to good nutrition: Living at home
Limited income, transportation, social support
38% of women and 30% men living in care homes are malnourished
Barriers to good nutrition: Care home
Bland food, high in fat, sugar and low fibre, lack of fresh fruit and veg, problems with feeding self
Compounded by ill health, poor dentition, decline in GI function
Nutritional Recommendations
Fruit + Veg dominate
Colouful Choices are healthy
Frozen and canned foods are ok
Calories count
Salt is off the table
Don't forget to drink
Have grains for fibre
Include dairy and protien