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Environmental Impact (As of 2017, it is estimated that two billion…

- - - - CPU
      - Graphics Card
      - Sound Card
      - Network Interface Card
- - - - these include energy efficiency modes, e.g. brightness automatically reduced when not in use
- - - - turn hard drive off after period of inactivity (will come on again at a keypress)
      - set minimum and maximum processor state settings (higher settings use more energy, lower settings mean processor can handle less work)
      - alter wireless adapter power settings
- - - - contents of RAM are copied to the hard disk
      - hard disk saves a permanent copy
      - hibernate mode can turn almost all components off or down to a level of very low energy use
    - - RAM continues to be powered
      - data for software running at the time of standby is temporarily stored until user resumes work
      - power to all other components is significantly reduced or turned off completely.
    - - It is often better to use standby or hibernate settings instead of shutting the system down. Starting the desktop or laptop after a shutdown causes a surge in power to components. In general, it is better to minimise the number of times computer components receive a surge in power.
        
        Standby or hibernate are better options for when users intend to use the system again after a short period of inactivity.