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The fundamental units of life (membranes (membrane proteins (channel…
The fundamental units of life
studying cells
biochemistry
cell fractionation
machine
centrifuge
study
chemical substances
microbiology
cell biology
microscopy
types
light microscope
differential phase contrast
fluorescence
phase contrast
brightfeild (stained)
brightfeild (unstained)
confocal
deconvolution
super resolution
electron microscope
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
important parameters
resolution
contrast
magnification
movement
how cells work
cells
basic features
cystol
selective plasma membrane
chromosome
ribosomes
domains
Bacteria (prokaryotic)
kingdoms
Archaebacteria (prokaryotic)
Eubacteria ( prokaryotic)
Animalia(Eukaryotic)
Protista (Eukaryotic)
Plante (Eukaryotic)
Fungi (Eukaryotic)
Archaea (prokaryotic)
Eukarya (Eukaryotic)
types
Eukaryotic
Dna in
nucleus
Plant
inside
cell wall
Nucleus
flagella
Chloroplast
Peroxisome
inside
inter-connected sacs
called thylakoids
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Animal
inside
Vacuole
mitochondrion
site of
cellular respiration
membranes
inner
convoluted
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outer
smooth
Organelles
Nuclear envelope
Pore complex
ER(endoplasmic reticulum)
types
Smooth ER
Transitional ER
Transports Proteins
Rough ER
cisternae
Ribosomes
polypeptide chain
produces
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ER lamen
Golgi apparatus
Vacuoles
contractile vac
central vac
food vac
Consists of
flattened membranous sacs
cisternae
Performs
Receiving
Cis-Face
Shipping
Trans-Face
Sorting
Nucleus
DNA
chromosomes
chromatin
Lysosome
what do they do?
digest marcomolecules
membranous sacs
hydrolytic enzymes
preforms
phagocytosis
autophagy
endosymbiont theory
cytoskeleton
Functions
motility
support
interactions
motor proteins
property
Microfilaments(Actin Filaments)
structure
two intertwined strands of actin
main function
maintenance of cell
Intermediate Filaments
structure
fibrous proteins coiled into cables
main function
maintenance of cell shape
Microtubules (tubulin polymers)
structure
hollow tubes
main function
cell shape
Prokaryotic
Dna in
nucleotide
membranes
lipids
phospholipids
amphipathic
both
water-loving
water-fearing
phospholipid bilayer
lipid bilayer
polar molecules
glucose
water
sugar
hydrophobic substances
can avoid contact
w/ transport proteins
channel proteins
aquaporins
hydrocarbon tails
hydrophobic interior
animal cell
cholesterol
reduces fluidity
membrane proteins
cell-cell recognition
Inter-cellular joining
Signal transduction
Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extra cellular matrix (ECM)
Enzymatic activity
transport
channel proteins
transport
ions
ion channels
function
gated channels
membrane carbohydrates
gylcolipids
glycol-proteins
biological membrane
example
supramolecular structure
passive transport
diffusion
contraction gradient
types
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
dialysis
air,liquid,colloid(not a solid)
No ATP
active transport
Needs ATP
contransport
antiport
symport
bulk transport
exocytosis
endocytosis
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor mediated
ion pumps
ion transporter
movement of ions
ion channels
function
gated channels
sodium
potassium
cannot be saturated
types
sputter ion pump
proton pump
transports
H+
out of the cell
diffuses down
electrochemical gradient
co-transport
electrochemical cells
voltanic or galvanic
"crank" of the pump
cytoplasm
one positive charge
extracellular fluid
stores energy as voltage
electrogenic pump