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The Cell (Cell Type (Prokaryote (no nucleus, circular DNA, no membrane…
The Cell
Cell Type
Prokaryote
no nucleus
circular DNA
no membrane-bound organelles
no proteins on DNA
smaller
binary fission
single chromosomes
Eukaryote
membrane-bound organelles
mitosis and meiosis
nucleus
paired chromosomes
DNA bound to proteins
larger
linear DNA
Types of Cell Transport
Active
Sodium-Phosphate pump
moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane
Exocytosis
vesicle fuse with membrane to release their contents outside of cell
Endocytosis
taking in macromolecules by forming vesicles from plasma membrane
Phagocytosis
capturing substance by engulfment and bringing it into cell
Pinocytosis
substance dissolved in droplets taken in when extracellular fluid is drunk into tiny vesicles
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
binding of specific solutes to receptors triggers vesicle formation
Passive
Diffusion
movement across membrane down a concentration gradient
Facilitated Diffusion
movement across membrane down a concentration gradient
(requires transport proteins)
Osmosis
movement of water across semi-permeable membrane
Cell Membrane Proteins
Function
Signal transduction
relay chemical messages
Intercellular joining
cell junctions
Cell-Cell recognition
glycoproteins identification
Attachment to cytoskeleton & ECM
cell shape and stabilizing proteins
Enzymatic activity
enzymes speed up chemical reactions within the cell
Transport
hydrophilic channel