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Chapter 10: One Sample Tests of Hypothesis (Terms (Hypothesis Testing (A…
Chapter 10: One Sample Tests of Hypothesis
Terms
Hypothesis Testing
A procedure based on sample evidence and probability theory to determine whether the hypothesis is a reasonable statement.
Test Static
A value, determined from sample information, used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.
Hypothesis
A statement about the value of a population parameter developed for the purpose of testing.
Critical Value
The dividing point between the region where the null hypothesis is rejected and the region where it is not rejected.
Type of Errors
Type I
Defined as the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.
Also known as the significance level of a test
Type II
Defined as the probability of “accepting” the null hypothesis when it is actually false.
p-value
the probability of observing a sample value as extreme as, or more extreme than, the value observed, given that the null hypothesis is true.
In testing a hypothesis, we can also compare the p-value to the significance level ().
Reject H0 if p-value < significance level
Tests
Population Standard Deviation Unknown
When the population standard deviation (σ) is
unknown, the sample standard deviation (s) is
used in its place the t distribution is used as
test statistic
Proportion using the z-Distribution
The fraction or percentage that indicates the part of the population sample having a particular trait of interest