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Chapter 7 (7.3 Passive Transport (Water Balance without Cell Walls…
Chapter 7
7.3 Passive Transport
Ex. Diffusion the dispersion of particles that spread out
Concentration Gradient the decrease and increase of a substance within a solute
Passive transport is diffusion across a membrane
Water Balance without Cell Walls
Tonicity the ability of the surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain/ loose water
Isotonic no movement of water across the membrane
Hypertonic Cells lose water and shrivel up
Hypotonic Cells gain water and Lyse open
Osmoregulation
Osmosis is the diffusion of water to get to equilibrium in and out of the cell
Does not need assistance
7.1 Cellular Membrane
Cellular Membrane
Ampathatic
Hydrophilic
Hydrophibic
Fluidity of the Membrane
Hydrocarbon Tails
Unsaturated
Kinked Tails
Enhance Membrane Fluidity
Saturated
Pack Together
Increase Membrane Viscosity
Cholesterol
Wedges Between 2 Phospholipids
Fluidity Buffer
Membranes need to be fluid in order to have good permeability.
Evolution
Cold Temperature = Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Tails = Fluidity
Proteins and Their Functions
Integral Proteins
On Hydrophobic Interior of the Lipid Bilayer
Ex. Transmembrane Proteins
Consist of 20-30 Non-Polar Proteins
Peripheral Proteins
Loosely Bound to the Surface of the Membrane
Major Functions
Transport
Transport Substances In/ Out of Cell
Hydrophilic Channels that can change shape
Enzymatic Activity
Signal Transduction
Signal Molecule relays message through a receptor into the cell.
Cell- Cell Recognition
Short lived binding of cells through glycoproteins
Cells With the Same Glycoproteins bond together
Intercellular Joining
Membrane Proteins of cells hook together creating a long lasting bond.
Attatchment to the Cytoskeleton and ECM
Cell Shape and stability through microfilaments
7.4 Active Transport
Requires work to move across the membrane
7.2 Selective Permeability
Selective Permeability
Membranes ability to select what comes in/ out of the cell
Substances transported through the lipid bilayer are Hydrophobic
Some substances go through transport channels that change shape
Ex. Aquaporins