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State (Objectives (Meritocracy (Worthiness of power, Trust, No guarantee…
State
Objectives
Rejection of traditional state
Monarchical, absolutist and arbitrary
Random exercise of power
Contempuous of 'divine right'
Government by consent
Ultimate control over state
Locke
Servant not master
Social contract
Promotion of natural rights/individualism
Before formal state
Self realisation and determination
Individualism
Safely and easily exercised
Promotion of tolerance
Mill
Harm principle
Accommodate individualism
Religious communities
Locke
Meritocracy
Worthiness of power
Trust
No guarantee of autocratic power
Contrasts traditional state
Equality of opportunity
Foundational equality
Assume responsibility for failure
Justice
Just outcome
Methods and structures
Constitutional/limited government
Formal constitution
Discussion and consensus
Limitations
Govern according to prearranged rules and procedures, not ad hoc
Prevent governments from eroding natural rights
Fragmented government
Rationality of mankind
Logical to empower as many as possible
US Constitution
Formal equality
Same legal and political rights in society
Rule of law
Origins
State of nature
Clashes between individuals
Locke
Need for formal structure
Clashes with property
Inferior to formalised state
State needed to arbitrate between competing claims of rational individuals