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Darwin's Theory of Evolution (DNA Comparision (whales + hippo (double…
Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Galapagos Island
Remote island
isolation increases inbreeding
Finches
variation between individuals
#
beaks changed
over time each island has a different species of bird
most favourable characteristics survived
Tortises
different shells
rounded shell
watered island
feeds on ground
feeds on high vegetation
peak in shell
dry island
Fossil Evidence
lower in the ground are older
palentologist
can trace development between ages in rocks
trace elephants through the ages
related to Moeritherium
fossil record
Basilosaurid whales
nose in middle skull
hind limbs developed
maiacetus inuuss
ear bones & teeth
#
fossils near ocean
walking whale
Comparative Anatomy
comparison
bones
arrangment
shape
size
scientist can infer the closest living relative
by observing structure
Cetaceans
whales
two blowholes
placenta
live birth
Vestigial Organs
hand bones
no gills, lungs
warm blooded
Dolphins
one blowhole
#
skull has 2 nasal passages
Porpioses
Homologies
Evolution
powered by natural procces
all living things have been changing
millions of years
all species of living things evolved from a common ancestor
more useful traits survive
Embryology
dolphins
arm and leg buds in embryo
#
early fetus
nostril groves
fuse to form blowhole
humans
have tails
turn into coccyx
whales
ancestors, land mammals
embryonic development
vestiges
vertebrates exibit gill slits
early stages in fetus
DNA Comparision
compare DNA
two organsims
whales + hippo
double pulley ankle
chambered stomach
internal testicles
extract DNA
tracking mutations
evolutionary information
tell last common ancestor
chimpanzees, humans, gorillas
mapping humans genome
cure diseases in humans
fruit fly with Parkinsons disease
DNA
chromosomes
mutations
gamma and UV radiation
4 nitrogen bases
A-T
C-G
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T).
Plate Tectonics
movement of continental landmasses
seismic and volcanic activity
landmasses separate
organisms inhabit separate lands
unique characteristics
isolation
Austalia
separated and isolated
#
Hawaii
1000 species of snail
only in hawaii
flies
unique flora and fauna
marsupials
kangaroos
platypus
Galapogos Island
#
unique conditions
Natural Selection
VASRP
steps
Variation in individuals of population
Change in environment makes some variations more advantageous than others.
Individuals with the adaptations are more likely to survive.
more likely to survive
those without die
not suited the environment
Surviving individuals are able to reproduce
transfer genes on DNA to offspring
code for the adaptation/trait that is advantageous.
Population changes over time
Over many generations/time, the population is predominately made of individuals with the adaptation
Those individuals with advantages traits are
adapted to new change
better suited to the environment.
Trait may be inherited by offspring from parents.
variations appear
#
adaptations occur
artificial selection
dog breeding
Evidence support the Theory?
How
real life examples
lots of research
all documented
recent discoveries
proves the same thing