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PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES IN ONLINE EDUCATION (INSTRUCTISM AND BEHAVIORISM…
PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES IN ONLINE EDUCATION
INSTRUCTISM AND BEHAVIORISM
Behavioristic Instruction
a traditional way of education delivery
Weakness
Some students find that what they learn applies only to the school situation and is not very useful in a work situation in the context of the ordinary society
Strenghts
The teacher controls what is ”served”
By cramming, drilling, repetitions and tests by basic knowledge such as learn how to read, write, do simple calculations, grammar etc.
Discipline and correct individual behaviour in the
learning situation are important values. It is fairly easy to control curriculum and content
Challenge
Retention – the ability to remember knowledge
Number of senses and emotions used
Testing out ones own understanding and negotiate meaning in interaction with others, and level of understanding gained.
CONSTRUCTIVSM
Constructivist Approach
Argues that people have to be active learners and construct knowledge themselves based on what they already know
Weakness
Time-consuming
The student may risk becoming a “nerd”
Undisciplined students may simply give up and do other things they find more
amusing without the guiding hand of an authoritative teacher
Strengths
The student develops independence and creativity.
The problems or tasks are authentic
The student is not secluded in a closed classroom with an artificial setting.
Challenge
Make the student find the ‘correct’ information and use it properly by e.g. questioning reliability and relevance. It
might also be difficult to decide when to guide and when to let the students get on with it
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVSM AND SOCIO-CULTURAL PEDAGOGY
Social constructivsm
Means that the students join a knowledge generating community
The teacher will, though an “oldtimer” (a master), to some extent be a learner together with his/her students
Socio-Cultural development
The tasks will be processing and assessing knowledge, negotiate meaning and generating and coconstructing new knowledge.
Strengths
The participants learn synergistic collaboration
and socializing
Focus is more on the group and group learning than on the individual
Weakness
Constructivism is as a rule timeconsuming and demanding
Best suited for resourceful and independent students
PEDAGOGICAL THEORIES
Cognitive load theory
Claims that learners have a limited working or short term memory, but an unlimited longterm
memory
Peer instruction
Lecturing is often waste of time
This entailed deeper learning and three times better understanding compared to just lecturing
Flipping the class
Typical for the flipped classroom are:
learners actively engage in the learning process
learners apply what they learned from watching the video lesson
learners may review content by repeating the video lecture
learners receive personal assistance and attention needed to proceed to the next level of understanding
learners learn from each other
instructors guide in the learning process
Backwards design
The teacher focuses on the intended
learning outcomes
Backwards design have three stages in the design process:
Identify what the students are to learn and be able to perform on completion of the learning session
Define the evidence that will show that the desired or intended learning ourcomes have been achieved
Plan the lesson so that learners are able to produce the have been achieved. Various learning activities leading to appropriate reification are usually needed evidence showing that the intended learning outcomes