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Papers and Boards (Stock forms, types and sizes (Fasteners - used to join…
Papers and Boards
Stock forms, types and sizes
Available formats
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Rolls - used on an industrial scale as they can be easily fed into machinery for continuous printing runs, e.g. books and magazines.
Ply - two or more layers of paper combined together using embossing techniques or adhesive. E.g. napkins, receipts that self copy to a second layer.
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Deforming and Reforming
Perforating - toothed cutter used to create a series of cuts that allows the material to be easily torn along the line of the cuts.
Scoring or creasing - similar to cutting but use less pressure. The tools used will be blunt so that the fibres are crushed to make a defined line to fold. Creasing can be done by hand or by using a creasing tool.
Securing folded paper and board - tucks and flaps can be carefully designed so that packaging can be folded and securely closed.
Adhesives can be applied to flaps that make a more permanent join, e.g. cereal boxes.
Moulded pulp - pulp can also be moulded into specific shapes and used for packaging. for consumer goods, e.g. electrical goods or egg boxes. Environmentally friendly as it is made from recycled newspaper and can be recycled again. It's also biodegradable and less expensive than expanded polystyrene.
Sources and Origins
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Other sources include deciduous trees, grasses, cotton, straw, bamboo, flax and hemp.
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Paper making process
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Pulp is washed, refined and cleaned. May be mixed with other chemicals e.g. bleach, dyes and sizing agents.
Pulp slurry is 99% water and 1% fibres, so is pumped into flat wire screen to allow water to drain away and leave a mat of damp fibres. Fibres then put through a roller (calendaring) to remove the rest of the water and press it into a uniform thickness before drying. The more calendaring the higher the gloss.
Finished paper is dried and wound into large rolls so that it is distributed and sent to factories to be cut into more manageable sizes.
Wastage
Hand tools for cutting paper, card and boards
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Cutting mat - self-healing, non-slip polymer mat that protects surfaces.
Desktop paper cutter - used to trim paper and thin card accurately as guides indicate a series of paper sizes
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