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Otalgia (Aetiology (2) Referred (B) CN VII (Presentation Internal ear…
Otalgia
Aetiology
1) Ear
A) Pinna
Vascular:
perichondial haematoma
Infection:
chondritis, perichondritis
B) EAM
Infection:
OE, malignant OE
Trauma:
FBs, earbuds
Idiopathic:
wax
C) Middle ear
Infection:
AOM, chronic OM, OM with effusion (glue ear), mastoiditis
Neoplastic:
cholesteatoma
2) Referred
B) CN VII
Presentation
Internal ear pain (drum)
Causes
Infection: herpes zoster (Ramsay Hunt syndrome)
Idiopathic: facial nerve neuralgia
D) C2/3
Presentation
Pain in lower pinna
Cause
Trauma: soft tissue neck injury
Degenerative: cervical spondylosis, cervical arthritis
C) CN IX/X
Presentation
Pain on talking/swallowing (oropharynx)
Causes
Infection: tonsillitis, pharyngitis, quinsy, retropharyngeal abscess, oral ulcer
Neoplasm: tongue, oropharyngeal or laryngeal cancer
Iatrogenic: post-tonsillectomy
A) CN V
Presentation
Pain in upper pinna
Causes
Infection: nasal infection, sinusitis, salivary gland infection
Idiopathic: septal deformity, TMJ, salivary gland stone, trigeminal neuralgia
Neoplasm: nose/sinus/pharynx
Developmental: molar impaction, malocclusion
3) TMJ dysfunction
Diagnosis
Examination
ENT
Ears: any erythema, swelling, tenderness,
discharge, EAM erythema, drum changes
Nose: erythema, discharge
Throat: erythema, swelling, masses
Regional lymphadenopathy
Investigations
Bloods
FBC, CRP, U+E, LFT
Imaging
CT head (if clinically indicated)
Bedside
Obs (fever)
History
DH
Current meds, allergies
FH
ENT disorders, cancers
PMH
Previous ENT/URT infections
Known medical conditions
Previous head and neck surgery
SH
Occupation, school/nursery,
smoking history
PC/HPC
Pain (SOCRATES)
Assoc symptoms (redness, swelling, discharge,
loss of hearing, trauma, skin rashes, weight loss)
Definition
Pain in/around
the ear
Management
Per cause