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Arab Israeli - 1 (Knowledge (Important to:
Muslims - Where Mohammed…
Arab Israeli - 1
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Knowledge
Important to:
- Muslims - Where Mohammed ascended to heaven)
- Christians - Where god was believed to be crucified
- Jewish - Where Judaism was born
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ZIONISM: In 1896 a book was published justifying that Jews would never be justly treated - therefore, a Jewish country was the solution.
1922: 11% of Jews
1931: 17% of Jews
1936: Over 28%
Haganah was created in 1922 - to protect the new settlers
WWI Impact
Skyes-Picot - 1916: Britain and France secretly agreed that after the war they would split the control over Palestine. The Arab promise was ignored
Balfour Declaration: Arthur Balfour stated that the British would support Zionism in Palestine, through a letter.
Perhaps because: Balfour was sympathetic towards the Zionist cause, or the war effort - there were numerous zionists in America, he hoped they would pressure the government to send reinforcements for the war.
McMahon Hussein Agreement - 1915: The Arab's made a deal with the British to help fight the Ottoman's and in return they would gain independence.
British Mandate 1923
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Palestinians were shocked and angry. They were not directly given independence and Jews were going to infiltrate their land.
Arab Strike 1936
- Palestinian Arabs went on strike. They demanded Jewish immigration to end, an end to land sales and a government of their own. They refused to work or pay taxes + boycotted trade with the British.
- The British reaction was harsh. Leaders were arrested, villages were searched for weapons during 6 months. At Britain's request neighbouring Arab countries were called in to help calm the situation.
Peel commission 1936-37
The British government set up a commission to investigate the cause of unrest and eventually a solution.
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His solution was a partition plan. Both cultures had no common ground, they differed in religion, culture, ideology...
Reactions: Most Jews accepted the plan. The Palestinian Arabs completely rejected the proposal. Giving any land to the Jewish was unjust. also, the land contained 90% of the fertile orange grove land.
Arab Revolt 1937-1939
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- 15,000 Haganah men along with 50,000 British troops were involved. They brunt rebel houses, set curfews, weapons were confiscated, arrested thousands of Arabs - many were beaten/tortured. Shockingly, British soldiers attached Arab hostages to the front of lorries (if they were to be shot at, the Arab person would die)
Outcome: By 1939 250 British troops and 300 Jews were killed. 5,000 Arabs were killed and 15,000 wounded, imprisoned or exiled.
The Palestinian side was left weak
WWII
- The British realised they needed the Arab's to co-operate during the war. They set a limit of 10,000 Jewish immigrants for 5 years.
- This was an EXTREME decision as at this time Jews were being prosecuted during the Holocaust. They needed a refuge/homeland.
- During the war 25,000 Arabs and 27,000 Jews (Irgun and Hanagah) fought along side the British to defeat the Nazi's.
- The Holocaust had justified the great NEED for a Jewish homeland.
Britain denied the Jews to go to Palestine (they needed to keep the Arabs happy and believed it would cause a civil war).
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