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PA1 Cell Injury Adaption And Death (Cell adaption (Atrophy 萎縮 (Causes (• …

- - - - microbiologic
      - immunologic
      - morphologic
        
        macroscopy
        
        microscopy
      - molecular
    - - diagnosis
      - pathogenesis發病機制
      - prognosis
      - treatment
  - - - oral cavity
      - teeth
      - bone
      - lymph nodes
    - - primary
      - secondary
- - - - liquefactive necrosis液化壞死
        
        brain
        
        dead tissue liquates, cystic degeneration死組織液體，囊性變性
      - coagulative necrosis
        
        • after loss of blood supply or exposure to toxins
        
        • cellular swelling
        
        • protein denaturation蛋白質變性
        
        • organelle breakdown
        
        • preservation of the basic structural tissue outline保留基本結構組織輪廓
      - tumoral necrosis
        
        typical of malignances
        
        no preservation of the basic structural tissue outline不保留基本結構組織輪廓
- - - - • Decreased workload減少工作量
      - • Loss of innervation神經支配喪失
      - • Diminished blood supply血液供應減少
      - • Inadequate nutrition營養不足
      - • Loss of endocrine stimulation內分泌刺激喪失
      - Aging (involution)衰老（退化）
  - - - • Increase in the size of cells(no new cells)
      - • Physiologic or pathologic生理或病理學
      - • Increased functional demand or by specific hormonal stimulation增加功能需求或特定的激素刺激
      - • Hypertrophy+Hyperplasia
  - - - Physiologic
        
        Hormonal:proliferation of glandular epithelium of the female
        breast at puberty and during pregnancy
        女性乳房的腺上皮在青春期和懷孕期間的增殖
        
        Compensatory補償性增生:regeneration of partially resected liver部分切除肝臟的再生
      - Pathologic: disturbed hormone balance