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Consciousness (74 Bodily Self-Consciousness (Full-body illusion paradigm…

- - - - logic even we don't know what consciousness is or why we are conscious, at least we know when it happens.
      - take consciousness as an outcome variable (present/absent)
      - compare situations and indicate which cognitive mechanisms are shared or specific to conscious processing
      - depends on observers' subjective report
    - - logic focusing on correlation bw conscious events and physiological structure and process.
      - contrastive approach (conscious/unconscious) at neural features
    - - cerebral modules
        
        represents a large net work of domain-specific processor
        
        triggered automatically
        
        the internal computations are not available to other processors
        
        operate unconsciously
      - workspace
        
        allows the domain-specific processors to exchange information
        
        send and receive projections to distant areas through long-range excitatory axons
      - conscious mental state is met when
        
        content of the mental state is represented explicitly and can reach workspace neurons
        
        top-down amplification makes the representation accessed, sharpened, and maintained
      - emphasize a particular type of neural interaction bw a set of interconnected areas
  - - - overflow argument
        we are conscious of much more than we can describe and manipulate
      - Neural purity argument
        there exist specific neural mechanisms for phenomenal experience related to consciousness but are limited by verbal, memory, and attentional abilities.
    - - overflow
        
        limits on reportability is not equated with limits on access
        
        verbal reports are in sequential manner, accessible info. might decay with time
        
        "expressible" and "ineffable" is not clear-cut
        
        intuition of rich phenomenal experience is overstated
        
        cognitive illusion of seeing or perceptual illusion
        
        intuition of overflow is a meta-report, the possibility of consciousness w/o access mechanisms is methodologically dubious
        
        attempt to report mean that one attempts to access it
        
        observer effects any observation of the internal state of a system must change the state of the system
      - neural purity
        
        neural index rely on access mechanisms
        
        to see if a neural mechanism is for consciousness, one needs to probe whether the subject is conscious
        
        show only neural processes without consciousness
        
        absence of access may reflect only unconscious processes
  - - - low level conscious access different levels of representation might be separately consciously accessed
      - cognitive prior knowledge confidence level about the likelihood of sensory signals
- - - - free will
        experience of the strong subjective feelings that we could have opted to act
      - determinism
        the future state of a system is entirely defined by the initial conditions (and any external forces)
      - chaos
        the system is extremely sensitive to the initial state, a small difference in the initial state can lead to widely different future states
      - computability
      - :!:neither chaos nor computability speaks against determinism or in favor of free will