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Psychology (Sampling (Random Sampling (Every member of the target…

- - - - **Advantage: Participant variables reduced
        Disadvantage: Order effects such as practice/boredom effect; participants may be better because they know what to do/participants might get bored/tired.
  - - - Advantage: Avoids order effects
        Disadvantage: More participants required
  - - - Advantage: Reduces participant variables
        Disadvantage:Very time consuming
- - - - “Craig and Tulving (1975) carried out their research in an artificial laboratory setting in which participants knew they were taking part in an experiment. The setting, therefore, is arguably artificial and very controlled which does not reflect the frequently uncontrolled nature of a real-life environment. Additionally, the unnatural nature of the task itself – namely identifying missing words in a series of questions – reduces ecological validity further – this memory task does not necessarily mirror the variety and complexity of memory tasks in real life. It is, therefore, questionable to what extent the experimental findings can be applied to describe behaviour in a real-world environment”.