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Nervous system (Diseases of the nervous system (cerebral palsy…

- - - - contains nucleus
    - - nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the body
    - - single nerve fiber that carries impulses away from cell
    - - space between an axon and another neuron, where impulses must jump
    - - end of an axon, special chemical messengers
    - - fat covering an axon that insulates and increases rate of transmission
- - - - spinal cord
        
        extends from medulla to 1st or 2nd lumbar
        
        surrounded by vertebrae for protection
        
        reflex actions and carrying sensory motor messages to the brain
        
        menengies
        
        three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord.
        
        duramatter
        
        thick tough outter layer
        
        archoid matter
        
        delicate weblike middle layer
        
        piamatter
        
        inner layer, nourishes the nerve tissue
    - - mass of nerve tissue
      - cerebrum
        
        largest and highest part of brain
        
        separated into lobes- frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
        
        responsible for reasoning, thought, memory, sight, speech, hearing, and voluntary body movement
      - cerebellum
        
        located below the back of cerebrum
        
        responsible for muscle coordination, balance, posture, and muscle tone
      - diencephelon
        
        located between cerebrum and mid brain
        
        thalamus
        
        acts as relay center and directs sensory impulses
        
        hypothalamus
        
        regulates and controls the ANS, temp, appetite, water balance, sleep and emotions
      - mid brain
        
        located below cerebrum, and on top of brain stem
        
        conducts impulses between brain parts for eye and auditory reflexes.
      - pons
        
        located below mid brain, and in the brain stem
        
        responsible for certain reflexes such as chewing, tasting,and saliva production
      - medulla oblangata
        
        lowest part of the brain and connects with spinal cord
        
        regulating heartbeat, respiration, swallowing, couching, and bp
      - has 4 ventricles filled with cerebrospinal fluid
        
        circulates through brain and spinal cord
        
        shock absorber
        
        carries nutrients to brain
        
        removes waste from brain
  - - - cranial nerves
        
        sight, hearing, taste, smell, sensations
      - spinal nerves
        
        carry messages to and from spinal cord
    - - helps maintain balance and allows the body to react in times of emergency
    - - sympathetic
        
        speed up
        
        fight or flight response
        
        increasing heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure
        
        allows body to react in time of emergency
        
        slows down digestive tract
      - parasympathetic
        
        slows down
        
        after emergency
        
        counteracts, decreases pulse, respiration, blood pressure
        
        increases digestion again.