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Cold War Causes (Time, (2/45 - Yalta Conference (Reality Agreed on fair…
Cold War
Causes
Time,
2/45 - Yalta Conference
Reality
Agreed on fair elections in EU; Stalin breaks in Poland
West give Poland for Greece; USSR extends border west
GB plans to prevent Comm. takeover through Greece
Plan
USSR joins USA in war vs. JP
Prev. DE occupants free to choose gov.
NZ criminals to pay for crimes; 4 DE zones
E.EU 'Sphere of Influence' - prevent invasion
Relation
The Big Three - Stalin, Churchill, FDR meet in Ukraine
Before war ends, clear victory in sight
Churchill more wary than FDR; Diff. ideologies
USSR comm. for 30 yrs; both sides wary
5/45 - WWII end
Results
Agreement was possible; Common enemy was gone
USSR spiteful D-day took so long; Truman wary of USSR
USSR controls most of E.EU - they showed little desire for W.EU
FDR died 3/45 - before the end of WWII
7/45 - Potsdam Conference
Truman, Stalin, Atley
Atley just follows Truman; Tru. is very anti-comm; FD
Truman wary of Stalin's defensive expansion; in FDR's shadow
Truman tells Stalin of Nuclear bomb; Truman didn't want another ToV
20M RUS soldiers dead, devastation - Stalin wants to cripple DE
Truman's denial concerns Stalin
3/46 - "Iron Curtain"
Churchill
Very influential, respected, anti-comm; Cold War had started by then
Accuses USSR for EU domination - 9 months dominate of E.EU
US propose USSR a loan for US business freedom in E.EU
POL, HUN, ROM, BUL, ALB in USSR; Speech may have started war.
1/47 - 12/48:
E.EU comm takeover
Stalin
10/47 - COMINFORM: Comm Info Bureau, to control E.EU comm gov
Comm leaders had common meetings, independent were replaced
E.DE, HUN, ROM, BUL were WWII enemies, now controlled by USSR
ALB, YUG, CS, POL are also controlled by USSR
Prev. Enemies
ROM - ('45) Comm coalition win, ('47) Comm abolish monarchy
HUN - Comm became big party ('47), imprison opposers, attack Church
E.DE - given by Allies, run by Red Army until GDR established ('49)
BUL - ('45) Comm party win, other party leaders executed
New Communists
ALB - Comm power immediate after war; comm, nationalist resist during war
YUG - Marshal Tito, lead NZ resist, Prez in '45, banned from Cominform in '48
CS - '45: L.coalition win, '46: biggest coalition, '48: Comm one-party state
POL - '47: Comm leaders, non-comm in exile
IT & FR - Strong comm parties in Cominfrom
GR - GB, US support royalist vs. comm in civil war
More Time
3/47 - Truman Doctrine
Overview
EU affairs interference wasn't popular in US; Stalin still troubling
Announce money, equipment, advice for threatened countries
CONTAINMENT - to stop the spread of communism
"Support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures..."
3/48 - Marshall Aid
Operation
Comm. seemed more appealing to countries in poverty
George Marshall said $17 bn needed to rebuild EU
CS takeover convince congress (4/48); extremely generous
Self interest - new markets for US goods to prevent depression
6/48 - 5/49:
Berlin Blockade
Premises
Rails, roads, canals blocked, US retaliation means war
Stalin tests Truman's resolve, expects withdraw
Withdraw could mean distrust from W.DE
DE Problem
Morgenthau Plan - Originally US make it agricultural
Many DE people would starve, strong DE = good ally
Zones combine in '49
Airlift
If Stalin shot a plane down, now he'd be the aggressor
No planes shot - 10 months later (5/49) block lifted
Oil, building material, food, clothes etc.
Berlin Problem
A powerful symbol, Cold War flashpoint
One of few places of direct US/SR contact
Dem. oasis in Comm repression?
or Cancer in worker's paradise?
4/49 - NATO
Allies
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
G/F, CAN, NOR, PORT, IT, DEN, LUX, BEL, HOL
'55 - W.DE joins, Stalin makes Warsaw Pact in response
Article 3:
To achieve the
aims of this Treaty
, the Parties will keep up their
individual and collective
capacity to
resist armed attack
Article 5:
Parties agree that an
armed attack against one or more
of them in Europe or North America shall be considered
an attack against them all
8/49 - First USSR A.Bomb
F
US loses major advantage, USSR immediately stock
Apocalypse seemed possible, yet encouraged peace
USSR cut off yrs of predicted development of the bomb
10/49 - China
Mao Zedong wins vs. Chiang Kai-shek
US supports weren't enough, comm wins
China is No.1 populated country.