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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (Signs and Symptoms (Urinary Frequency,…
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Definition
A histologic diagnosis characterized by proliferation of the cellular elements of the prostate
Signs and Symptoms
Urinary Frequency
Urinary Urgency
Nocturia (Needing to get up frequently at night to urinate)
Hesitancy (Difficulty initiating the urinary stream, interrupted, weak stream)
Incomplete bladder emptying (The feeling of persistent residual urine, regardless of frequency of urination)
Straining (The need strain or push (Valsava maneuver) to initiate and maintain urination in order to more fully empty the bladder)
Decreased force stream
Dribbling (the loss of small amounts of urine due to a poor urinary stream as well as weak urinary stream)
Diagnosis
Digital Rectal Examination
Prostate size and contour, evaluate for nodules, and detect areas suggestive of malignancy
Laboratory studies
Urinalysis
Urine culture
Prostate Specific Antigen
Electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) & creatinine
Ultrasonography
IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score)
Management
Pharmacologic Treatment
Alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers
5-alpha reductase inhibitors
Phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme inhibitors
Anticholinergic agents
Surgery
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
Open Prostatectomy
Minimal Invasive Treatment
Transurethral Incision of the Prostate (TUIP)
Transurethral Microwave Therapy (TUMT)
transurethral Needle Ablation of the Prostate (TUNA)