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Chemical Tests (Gas Tests (Hydrogen: A lit splint produces a squeaky pop -…
Chemical Tests
Gas Tests
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Carbon Dioxide: Limewater turns from colourless to cloudy/milky, this occurs because calcium hydroxide (limewater) reacts with carbon dioxide to form a white precipitate which is the white precipitate that causes the milky colour
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Anion Tests
Sulphate
Add a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid and then a few drops of acidified barium chloride. If a sulphate is present, a white precipitate will be observed.
Carbonate
Add a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid and test for carbon dioxide with limewater which will turn from colourless to cloudy/milky if carbon dioxide is present
Halide Tests
Add a few drops of dilute nitric acid and then a few drops of acidified silver nitrate. Observe for a coloured precipitate
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Cation Tests
Flame Tests
Dip a platinum wire into hydrochloric acid to get rid of extra metal ions and place in blue flame to check for cleanliness (if a coloured flame is produced, it is not sufficiently clean). Dip loop into HCl again then into the solid sample of the substance being tested. HCl is used because the metal chloride that is formed is easily vaporised making the flame easier to conduct. Place the loop into the edge of a blue flame.A coloured flame will be produced. Clean loop with HCl after each sample.
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