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Targeting Struggling Readers (Phonics ((must be taught explicitly and…
Targeting Struggling Readers
Phonics
Alphabetic principle, that letters represent sounds
must be taught explicitly and systematically
Using manipulative and
Vocabulary
Learning what words mean, denotatively and connotatively
Taught through a combination of explicit instruction and student driven understanding
Must be carefully designed to meet reading levels to build understanding
Fluency
Accuracy and word decoding
Must be addressed first
Automatic processing
Prosodic Reading
Use partner reading, tape reading, and read with me
Intonation and expression
Final part and sign of a fluent reader
Comprehension
The construction of meaning through prior knowledge, information in the test, and relationship to the text
Teaching it includes: decoding skills, building fluency, teaching vocab, activate prior knowledge, and motivating
should be viewed as a transaction between reader and text. Support through explicit instruction, modeling, and scaffolding
Phonemic Awareness
The ability to identify and manipulate phonemes in spoken language
Can be taught and practiced through a series of games, rhymes and wordplay
Beginning and end sounds, vowels, rhyming