Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Effects/Results of the Spanish Civil War (Economic Cost (huge debts to pay…
Effects/Results of the Spanish Civil War
Nationalists won - led by General Franco
Human Cost
approx. 100,000 Republicans killed
approx. 70,000 Nationalists died
killing continued after the war
Franco launched a terror campaign to eliminate opposition
approx. a further 40,000 to 200,000 people were killed
known as the White Terror
Thousands of Republicans were held in concentration camps and prisons
Republican children were often taken from their parents to be re-educated
placed in Nationalist/Catholic families or orphanages
they were indoctrinated against the views of their own parents
division and hatred remained in the Spanish society in the decades to follow
Economic Cost
Spain's economy devastated after the war
because 10-15% of its wealth was destroyed
per capita income was 28% lower in 1939 than it had been in 1935
70% of Madrid's factory machinery needed to be replaced
Madrid's communication systems (including tram network) needed to be rebuilt
high inflation as a result of the economic crisis and the government started printing more and more money
Republican's land reform was reversed
Spain's agricultural economy remained ineffective and inefficient
huge debts to pay
Spain attempted to find foreign loans for investment
Britain and Germans decided that the debt was paid back first
debts that still had to be repaid gave Britain, France na the US influence in Franco's Spain
economy improved due to the outbreak of WWII
Spain attempted to gain leverage over Britain and France by offering to remain neutral and not ally with Nazi Germany
also had discussions with Germans
once war broke out, Britain and France signed trading agreements with Spain in 1940
German exploitation of Spain's resources during the war weakened the economy
after WWII
Spain in isolation
suffered a famine in 1946
industrial output level lower than in 1918
may have been saved by right wing Argentine dictator Peron
Longer Term
as Cold War took on, Spain became less isolated
some reform s in 1950s and 1960s
developed a powerful capitalist economy
industrialised
developed a strong service industry
Political Effects
Franco emerged from war as Spain's dictator
he remained in power until his death in 1975
Franco's regime claimed that they had to save the country from Communism and the White Terror
which had killed thousands of Republicans and led to the exodus of half a million Spaniard
which included many Spanish intellectuals such as lawyers, teachers, researches, doctors and famous writers
in 1939, the Law of Political Responsibility made supporters of the Republicans liable to punishment (including death)
Key objectives of new regime
restore power of the privileged
to control the working class
wages were cut
industrial political activism was outlawed
CNT and UGT were destroyed
employment for Republicans was almost impossible
Civil Guard maintained the inequalities of the social and working system
Abroad
USSR
communists had been defeated in Spain
Stalin's small contribution to the Republican cause resulted in divisions within he left wing
USSR lost a lot of intellectual sympathy in the West
created divisions between the USSR and Germany
drove the Soviet foreign policy to seek alliance with Western power to control Germany
however, Western powers showed through appeasement that they had no intentions of standing up to Germany
signed the Nazi Soviet Pact in August 1939
Hitler and Mussolini
Hitler gained valuable military lessons from war
practiced the tactics of
blitzkrieg
and military equipment
tried out the bombing of civilians
common tactic in WWII
Britain and France
the polarised nature of the foreign intervention led to more support for appeasement
it seemed that the opposing forces could exhaust each other without democracies being dragged into the conflict
the apparent weakness of Britain and France over Spain and their wider policy of appeasement led to Hitler changing his perception of Britain and non-internvetion encouraged Hitler to become more aggressive
USA
remained mostly neutral
the war strengthened the country's isolationist sentiment
UN called for economic sanctions against Franco and all the member states broke off diplomatic relations
there was an initial plan to overthrow Franco
the US changed this view as the Cold War developed between her and the USSR
led to the rising ideas that any enemy of my enemy is my friend
in 1951, President Eisenhower granted the first American grant to Spain
became an ally to Spain
therefore, Spain allowed to join UN