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Chapter 27: Biomes (The Current World Biomes (moist temperate biomes…
Chapter 27: Biomes
World Climate
distribution of heat
fluids distribute heat
atmospheric
continental climate
desert islands
extremely dry
often no fresh water or lakes
rain shadow
found on mountains
decreased rain on one side
continents cause precipitation change
oceanic
trade winds
blow across tropics from east to west
push surface waters into equatorial currents
air circulation pattens drive water
effects of the Earth's tilt
tilted 23.5 degrees away from orbital plane
allows for seasons
allows the sun to be overhead
Continental Drift
present position of the world's continents
latitude greatly affects climate
the continents being in different positions would change the Earth's climate
past position of the world's continents
Middle and Late Paleozoic Era
life was beginning to move on land
Pangaea
one supercontinent
comprised of
Laurasia
Gonwanaland
had a diverse climate
mountains formed from continents colliding
Mesozoic Era
just after Permian Period
worldwide climate was getting warmer
no evidence of glaciation anywhere
many new plant groups evolved
Jurassic Period
Pangaea began to break up
Tethys Sea was formed
Cretaceous period
South America separated from Africa
Atlantic Ocean was formed
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Cambrian Period
all life was aquatic
several continents were distributed in the ocean
Gondwanaland
giant continent
composed of
South America
Africa
Australia
India
Antartica
The Current World Biomes
moist temperate biomes
drier montane and subalpine forests
occur at bases of mountains
temperate deciduous forests
cold winters
warm but not hot summers
rich species diversity
temperate rain forests
occur in
northwestern coast of United States
southwest Chile
giant long-lived conifers
southeastern evergreen forests
occurs at southern edge temperate deciduous forest
frequent fires
rapid drainage
dry temperate biomes
grasslands
often referred to as prairie
central plains of North America
rich soil
scrublands and woodlands
similar to forest
chaparral
in California
well-known shrubland
deserts
driest temperate regions
warm winter temperature
rocky and thin soil
alpine tundra
located above highest at which trees survive on a mountain
dwarf plants are common
occurs as flat meadows with shallow marshes
polar biomes
arctic tundra
permafrost
permanently frozen soil
short growing season
vegetation contains more grasses and sedges than alpine tundra
boreal coniferous forests
taiga
Russian name for this biome
ancient biome
almost exclusively coniferous
tropical biomes
tropical rainforests
occur closely to equator
high precipitation
rapid soil transformation
angiosperms are the dominant tree
tropical grasslands and savanna
low rainfall
vegetation consists mostly of short grasses
termites are important grazers here
