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Lymph and Immune System (Anatomy of the Lymphatic System (Nodes (Structure…
Lymph and Immune System
Major Functions of the Lymphatic System
Drain excess fluid from tissue
Play and essential role in body defenses and resistance to diseases
Returns clean fluids and leaked proteins back to the blood
Humoral vs Cellular Response
Disorders of the Immune System
Antigens and Antibodies
Antigen
Self-Antigen
Our immune cells do not attack our own proteins
Our cells in another person's body can trigger an immune response because they are foreign
Human cells have many surface proteins
Restricts donors for transplants
Antigen
Antibody Generator
Any substance capable of activating the immune system by eliciting an immune response
Examples:
Nucleic Acids
Large Carbohydrates
Foreign Proteins
Microorganism
Pollen Grains
Some Lipids
Anitbody
Capable of binding specifically to antigens
Antibody as Tools
Carried in body fluids
Structure of Antibody
Soluble protein secreted by the plasma cells derived from B cells
Antibody Classes
AKA Immunoglobulin or Ig
Antibody Function
Anatomy of the Lymphatic System
Vessels
Made of three tunicas like the blood vessels
Carries lymph to and away from the lymph nodes
Thin and delicate and carry low pressure blood
Collects lymph from the lymph capillaries
Contains more valves than veins
Nodes
Scattered along collecting vessels
Macrophages engulf and destroy foreign substances
Monitor and filter lymph
Lymphocytes initiate immune response to antigen
Located in areas vulnerable to pathogen
Structure of Lymph Node
Afferent Lymphatic Vessels
Directs lymph towards lymph node
Efferent Lymphatic Vessel
Carry lymph away from lymph node
Medulla- Inner part
Contains phagocytic macrophages
Lymph enters afferent lymphatic vessels and exits from efferent lymphatic vessels at hilus
Cortex- Outer part
Contains follicles made of collection of lymphocytes
Lymph flow through sinuses within the node
Most lymph nodes are kidney shaped, 1 inch long
Fewer efferent than afferent lymphatic vessels
Encapsulated masses of lymphoid tissue that contain lymphocytes
MALT
Includes:
Tonsils
Appendix and any other small collections of lymphoid tissue
Peyer's Patches
Important in protection of the digestive and reproductive tracts
Mucosa associated with lymphatic tissue
Thymus
Mature T cell travel to secondary lymphoid tissues
Site of T lymphocyte or T cell maturation
Produces thymosin, hormone that regulates T-cell development
Peak in childhood, shrink at puberty
Sits beneath throat overlying heart
Spleen
Filters blood
Destroys worn cells
Located on the left side of abdomen next to the stomach
Forms blood cells in fetus
Act as blood reservoir
Tonsils
Trap and remove bacteria and foreign materials
Tonsilitis caused by inflammation of the tonsils
Small masses of lymphoid tissue around the Pharynx
Peyer's Patches
Resemble tonsils in structure
Capture and destroy bacteria in the intestine
Found in walls of small intestine
Innate/Natural VS Adaptive/Acquired Immune Defenses
Major Functions of the Immune System
Defends people against microorganisms and germs every day
Keeps people healthy and preventing infections