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Organization of Congress, Representation and Reapportionment…
Organization of Congress
Representation and Reapportionment
Reapportionment in a legislative body, specially the periodic reallotment of US congressional seats according to changes in the census figures as required by the Constitution
4 Steps
Census counting the population of every state, conducted every 10 years to show population in states.
Reapportionment the process of dividing up the seats in the House to determine the new number of representatives to which each state is entitled
Redistricting the process of setting up a new district lines after reapportionment has been completed
Gerrymandering the political party controlling the state government draws a districts boundaries to gain and advantage in elections
Qualifications and Terms of the House of Representatives
Each representative must be 25 year old
Each representative must have been a citizen of the United States for the past 77 years.
The total number
Qualification and terms of the U.S. Senate
They must be 30 years old
Must have been citizens of the United States for at least the past nine years
They must be inhabitants of the states they seek to represent at the time of their election
Senators are elected to six year terms and every two year the members of one class, approximately one third of the senators face election or reelection.
Salary and Benefits of Congress
The Senate and the House set their own salaries
Representatives may be eligible for pensions of up to 80 percent of their final salaries and have a generous 401(k) plan.
27th Amendment says Congress cannot give itself a pay raise; the raise becomes effective only after another election.
Members of Congress earned $174,000 a year.
In addition to their salary members enjoy benefits and resoources, include stationary, postage for official business (franking privilege) medical clinic, and a gymnasium.
Also they receive allowances to pay for staff, trips home, telephones and newsletters. All members are entitled to an income tax deduction to help to keep up two residences, one on their home state and one in capital.
Characteristics of Congress and Reelection
Civils Rights Acts
It gave citizenship to blacks former confederate officials from holding houses.
It gave citizenship to blacks.
Rules of the House and House Leadership
Organize and unify party members
Schedule work of the House
Very powerful committee
May delay or block bills that reps and House leaders do not want to come to a vote on the floor
Set how long a bill can be debated and revised
Settles dispute among other House committees
Senate at work and Senate Leadership
-25 Years old
Lives in the state in which he or she is elected
Has been a citizen for at least 7 years
Purpose and Kinds of Committees
4 types of committees
Standing Committee are permanent panels identified as such in chamber rules.
Select or special committeee are generally established by a separate resolution of the chamber sometimes to conduct studies and investigations.
Join committees are made up of members of both the House and senate.
They are set up to conduct business between the houses and to help focus public attention on major issues.