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3.1 Cummings, T., & Worley, C. G. (2015) Chapter 5, Diagnosing. In…
3.1 Cummings, T., & Worley, C. G. (2015) Chapter 5, Diagnosing. In Organizational Development and Change. San Francisco Click for more options
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Open-Systems Model
Systems are viewed as unitary wholes composed of parts or subsystems; the system
serves to integrate the parts into a functioning unit.
larger environment that affects how the organization performs,
organizations acquire specific inputs from the environment and transform them using
social and technical processes.
The outputs of the transformation process are returned to the environment and information about the consequences of those outputs serve as feedback to the organization’s functioning.
The following open-systems properties are described below: environments; inputs, transformations, and outputs; boundaries; feedback; and alignment.
Inputs,Inputs consist of human
capital or other resources, such as information, energy, and materials
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Boundaries The idea of boundaries helps to distinguish between organizational systems
and their environments.
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Alignment How well a system’s different parts and elements align with each other
partly determines its overall effectiveness.
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