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Task 2 Obesity - Eating disorders (Causes (genes vs environment -->…
Task 2 Obesity - Eating disorders
Causes
genes vs environment
--> environment > genes
Genes
add gene paper from phone pics from lecture :D !!
environment
Energy expenditure decreased while caloric intake increased
Energy balance
--> perfectly adapted for high levels of activity needed to get food inconsistently
--> get food with least possible effort !!
to maintain weight:
--> energy intake = energy expenditure
to loose weight
--> energy intake < energy ependiture
to gain weight
--> energy intake > energy expenditure
Defunct now cause low levels of activity needed and cheap high caloric food abundant!!
--> Body cant adjust the energy balance enough to offset that !!
weight gain in 90% of adult population due to positive energy balance of 100cals or less per day :D!!
--> equals = average of 0.5 to 1 kilos per year
Food availability (Industries/SES)
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cheapest food = high fat + high calories
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Social networks
friend becomes obese = 57% chance other becomes obese
sibling becomes obese = 40% chance other becomes obese
if partner becomes obese = 37% chance other becomes obse
---> greater influence if same sex
--> none of this seen in Neighbors same geographical location
Psychological factors
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causes
maintenance
General
BMI of 30 or higher = Obese
BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 = overweight
BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m 2 = healthy
In kids:
Obesity = weight in >=95th percentile of all children for age and gender
Overweight = weight in 85th to 95th percentile of all children for age and gender
Prevalence
varies on ethnicity, SES, gender and culture
rates for overweigth and extremely obese have been steady for 30 years BUT obesity is increasing !
cross culture
america
female african american = 50%
female mexican american = 45%
caucasian males and females = 32%
SES
--> lowest income + education = highest prevalence!!
--> lowest income + education = highest increase over years!!
----> obesity increase across every SES and education (just most at above)!!
children
--> 17% prevelance (age 2 to 19)
--> mexican american males and african american females = more likely to have high BMI!!
Treatment
Needs to target environment + Bahavior
--> e.g reduce energy intake by 100 cals !! Increase energy expenditure (walk 20 mins (2500 steps) per day = 100 cals!!)
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NEW SET POINT / point for homeoestasis !!
--> needs slow decrease to readjust :D !!
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