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Course of the Spanish Civil War (1936 (1937 (1938 (April 1938 (July 1938…
Course of the Spanish Civil War
1936
1937
1938
1939
January 1939
January - March 1939
March 1939
Nationalists finally captured Madrid - effectively marked the end
after 2 and a half years of resistance, the Republicans collapsed rapidly during the first 3 months of 1939
Nationalists occupied Barcelona
April 1938
July 1938
November 1938
December 1938
Nationalists began their advance into Catalonia
the offensive ended in defeat
General Modesto launched a Republican offensive at the Ebro River
Initial successes were repulsed by the Nationalists
Nationalists captured the key town of Teruel
Franco has split the Republican-held Spain in 2 and isolated Catalonia
February 1937
March 1937
April 1937
May 1937
Barcelona Civil War (civil war within civil war)
Socialists and Communists fight street battles against the Anarchists and Trotskyists
displayed the divisions on the Republican side
former won and a bloody purge was carried out against the enemies of the communists
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June 1937
Capital of Basque, Bilbao, fell
industry of Basque country now in Nationalist hands
July 1937
Republican attempts to stop the capture of Madid led to the inconclusive Battle of Brunete
October 1937
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the Basque city of Guernica was bombed by the German Condor Legion
Basque morale collapsed
Franco merged the Carlists, Falange and other groups into a single party - the National Movement
one of the features of the Nationalists from then on was their unity - contrasted the divisions on the Republican side
Nationalists attacked the Basques country
Nationalists began offensives at Jarama and Guadalajara
with the aim of capturing Madrid
both offensives were broken off with heavy casualties
1936
military hoped to capture Spain in a week's time
failed
approximately half the army remained loyal to the government
the revolt against the Republicans in Madrid, Valencia, Barcelona and the Basque failed
consequently, workers and peasant royalists formed to defend the government
Nationalist Forces led by Generals Franco and Sanjuro
August 1936
July - November 1936
main Nationalist setback - failure to capture Madrid
Bloody Battles fought - Republicans defended Madrid from Nationalists
Nationalists called off offensive in November
September 1936
October 1936
November 1936
Republican government moved to Valencia
General Franco appointed head of the Nationalist government in Spain
most of Spanish gold reserves (4th largest in world) sent to USSR in exchange for military equipment
this equipment began arriving in October
the transfer of gold led to a dramatic rise in inflation on the republican zone
foreign volunteers, organised into the International Brigades started to arrive
nationalist forces captured Toldeo
relieved a Nationalist garrison that had held out since end of July
Largo Caballero became Prime Minister
by August the Nationalists held the most of North and Northwest of Spain
government control the South and North Coast
both Republicans and Nationalists appealed for foreign aid in order to manage the conflict
Britain and France decided on a policy of non-intervention
this favoured the Nationalists
Germany and Italy provided financial and material aid for Nationalists
USSR sent limited aid for Republicans (in comparison to rivals)
German transport planes helped move Franco's army from Morocco to Spain
direct foreign involvement