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Unit5 Human development and diversity (The UN sustainable Development…

- - - - The five countries at the top of the HDI are Norway (0.944), Australia, Switzerland, Denmark and the Netherlands – which are separated by just 0.022. In contrast, the five countries at the bottom of the HDI –
        namely Niger (0.348), Central African Republic, Eritrea, Chad and Burundi – have a range of 0.052, more than twice that of the range of countries at the top.
  - - - the schemes have their critics:
        ● Their interest rates are higher than those of commercial banks – but lower than those of loan sharks.
        ● Some people will use the loans to pay for food or health care rather than for starting or improving their business.
        ● Not all poor people are entrepreneurs and so the loans may be wasted.
        ● Microfinance loans may be used to pay off other loans rather than for business purposes.
        总而言之就是有人会拿microfinance去做别的事情而不是发展自己的business+interest rate太高了
    - - Case study: People Tree
        People Tree is a textiles company that follows the principles of fair trade as set out by the WFTO. For every garment People Tree makes, there is a positive impact somewhere in the world. Working closely with 50 fair trade groups in 15 countries, People Tree brings benefits to people at virtually every step of the production process – from growing cotton to weaving, dyeing, embroidery and stitching – helping to alleviate poverty in some of the world’s most marginalized communities.
    - - Case study: The Rana Plaza disaster, Bangladesh
        On 24 April 2013 an eight-storey garment factory in Rana Plaza on the outskirts of Dhaka collapsed, killing more than 1,100 people.
- - - - the scale of cultural exchanges (it is not a one-way process)
      - the rise of TNCs in the culture industries (for example, film, music, TV)
      - the rise of the business culture
  - - - The increased speed of transport and communications, the increasing interactions between economies and cultures, the growth of international migration, and the power of global financial markets are among the factors that have changed everyday lives in recent decades.
    - - The evolution of uniform urban landscapes is the result of a variety of factors:
        
        improve in communication technology, so that people in one city are aware of opportunities and trends in other cities
        
        time–space convergence(时空距离变得紧凑), which allows faster interactions between places
        
        increased international migration and the spread of ideas and cultures
        
        the desire of global brands (TNCs) to reach new markets
        
        improvements in standards of living and aspirations to be part of a global network of urban centers
        
        globalization of economic activity, culture and political activity
        
        attempts to create smart cities
  - - - examples:
        
        professional and business diasporas: Samsung
        Electronics’ UK division was originally based in New Walden, and as a result many South Koreans moved to this area.
        
        cultural diasporas: the movement of migrants of African
        descent from the Caribbean to the UK after World War II.
- - - - why the changes will take place at somewhere but not others:
        
        strong civil society
        
        the degree of state censorship
        
        social media