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Stress as a Psychological Process (Sources of Stress (Catastrophes (Stress…

- - - - Problem-focused Coping
        
        Problem-focused coping is considered to be a constructive type of coping where reduced stress is achieved by using behaviour modification to deal with the situation. Problem-focused strategies include: Taking control; information seeking - looking for more information to know how to deal with a stressor; evaluating the pros and cons
  - - - Emotion-focused Coping
        
        Viewed as an adaptive form of coping, emotion-focused coping strategies can be either adaptive(approach) or maladaptive (avoidant). Emotion-focused coping involves trying to reduce negative feelings associated with the stressor such as embarrassment, fear, anxiety, depression, excitement or frustration. Adaptive or 'approach' strategies where the individual uses proactive strategies to help reduce their emotional distress. Maladaptive or 'avoidant' strategies include strategies such as denial or distraction tend to delay or prevent the person from dealing or adjusting to a stressful situation. Reappraisal is also important
- - - - Generally controlled by the sympathetic branch of the ANS. The "freeze" part may also be a function of the parasympathetic branch. The freeze can increase survival by making it less likely an animal is detected, or cause an animal to be released.
      - The Role of Cortisol
        
        The FFF response activates for SNS which causes a quick and immediate release of adrenaline and noradrenaline. The effects of these stress hormones is not long-lasting and activates various organs to increase survival chances. Longer acting hormones like cortisol are also released into the bloodstream. Once danger has passed, the PNS restores the body to "normal" functioning
        
        Also known as 'the stress hormone', cortisol plays an essential role in our response to stress. It maintains non-vital functions like immunity, digestion etc.
        
        Released into the bloodstream to maintain blood-glucose levels during fight or flight. During prolonged stress, it also has the effect of suppressing the immune system, making us vulnerable to both minor and major illnesses, depending on how long the cortisol remains in our bloodstream.
        
        When the cause of stress is removed, acetycholine is released and the levels of cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline lower as the body returns to normal