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LEARNING THEORIES AND LAW (constructivism (Focusing on how the learner…
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QUESTIONS
How does behaviorism, cognitive and constructivism learning occur?
Behaviorism equates learning with changes in either the form or frequency of observable performance. For example, when presented with a math flashcard showing the equation “2 + 4 = ?” the learner replies with the answer of “6.”
Cognitive theories stress the acquisition of knowledge and internal mental structures and, as such, are closer to the rationalist end of the epistemology continuum (Bower & Hilgard, 1981).
Constructivism is a theory that equates learning with creating meaning from experience (Bednar et al., 1991). Even though constructivism is considered to be a branch of cognitivism (both conceive of learning as a mental activity), it distinguishes itself from traditional cognitive theories in a number of ways.
how does transfer occur?
behaviorism
In behavioral learning theories, transfer is a result of generalization. Situations involving identical or similar features allow behaviors to transfer across common elements.
cognitivism
According to cognitive theories, transfer is a function of how information is stored in memory (Schunk, 1991). When a learner understands how to apply knowledge in different contexts, then transfer has occurred.
constructivism
The constructivist position assumes that transfer can be facilitated by involvement in authentic tasks anchored in meaningful contexts.
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