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Chapter 6-7 (Cytoskeleton (Microfilaments (actin (globular protiens),…
Chapter 6-7
Cytoskeleton
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Motor Protiens
they work together with plasma membrane molcules to allow whole cells to move alone fibers outside the cell
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Centrosomes
microtubles grow out from here,
Within the centrosomes are a pair of centrioles, each composed of nine sets of trimplets microtubules arranged in a ring
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Microfilaments
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can from structural networks when certain protiens bind along the side of such a filament and allow a new filament to extend as a branch
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Osmosis
is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.
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Hypertonic
the cell will lose water, shrivel up and die
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Nucleus
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Nuclear Envelope
Encloses the nucleus =, seperatiung its content from the cytoplasm.
Nuclear Lamina
a netlike array of protien filaments that maintain the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope
Chromosomes
Structures thet carry the genetic information. Each chromosome contains one long DNA molecule associated with many protiens
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Endomemdrane System
This system carries out a variety of tasks in the cell, including synthesis of protiens, transport of protiens into membranes and organelles or out of the cell, metabolism and movement of lipids, and detoxification of poisons.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER
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it is a membrane factory, it grows in place by adding membrane protiens and phospholipids to its own membrane
Smooth ER
Lacks Ribosomes, enzymes of the smooth ER help detoxify drugs and poisons, especailly in liver cells.
Stores calcium ions, The smooth ER, for example, pumps calcuim ions into the muscle causing it to contract
Ribosomes
complexes made of ribosomal RNAs and protiens, are the cellular components that carry out protien synthesis.
Golgi Apparatus
Products of the ER, such as protiens are modified and stored and then sent to other destinations
Warehosue for sorting, shipping, and even manufacturing
Cis
on the same side- a vesicles that buds from then ER can add its membrane and its contents of it lumen to the cis face by fusing the golgi on the same side
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Vacuoles
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Central Vacuole
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it enlarges as the vacuoles absord water, enabling the cell to become larger with minimal investment in the new cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
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Active Transport
enabel a cell to maintain internal concentration of small solutes that differ from concentration in its environment
Microscopes
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Light Microscope
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Confocal
using a laser this "optical sectioning teqnique eliminates out of focues light from a think sample, creating a single plane of flourescence in the image
Flourescence
the location of specific molecules in the cell can be revelaed by labeling the molecules wtih flourescent dyes or antibodies.
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Membrane Protien
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Peripheral Proteins
thye are loosly bound to the surface of the membrane, often to expose parts of the integral protiens
Transport Protiens
function by having hydrophilic channels that certain molecules or atomic ions use as tunnels through the membrane
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Membrane Potential
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Proton Pump
the main electrogenic pump of plants, fungi and bacteria
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Mitochondria
the sites of cellular respiration the metalbolic process that uses oxygen to drive the generation of ATP by extracting every from sugar, fats, and other fluids
Cristae
the outer membrane is smooth, but the inner membrarne is convoluted with infoldings
MItochondrial Matrix
is enclosed by the inner membrane. It contains many different enzymes as well as the mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes
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Cell Wall
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Secondary
between the plasme membrane and the primary wall, has a strong durable matric that afford the cell protection and support
Extracellular Matrix
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Integrins
span the membrane and bind on their cytoplasmic side to associated protein attatched to microfilaments of the cystoskeleton
Comparing Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
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Cytoplasm
refers to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane ,
Prokaryotic cell
DNA is concentrated in a region that is not membrane-enclosed, called the nucleoid.
Plasma Membrane
a sellective barrier that allowes passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and wates to service the entire cell.
Chloroplast
found in plants and algae, are the sites of photosynthesis
Thylakoid
in the chloroplast is a membranous system in the form of flattened, interconnected sacs.
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Cell Junctions
Desmosomes
functions like rivets, fastening cells together onto strong sheets
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Tight Junctions
the plasma membranes of neighboring cells are tightly pressed against each other, bound together by specific protien
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