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Macronutrients - PROTEINS (13 Non-Essential (1.Glutamin, Glycine, 3…
Macronutrients - PROTEINS
Proteins formed by amino acids - made from CHO
Unique to amino acids are their nitrogen
Proteins come in varies shapes and size - made of different amino acids
Shape of protein determines its function
Required for normal growth and development
Broken down as an energy source when fats or carbs are inadequate
Stored in muscle, bone, blood, skin, cartilage and lymph
Good source is animal products and legumes (beans) nuts, whole grains, and large portion of veg
Essential Amino Acids
Need to obtain through the diet
Essential for life and growth
Found in animals and soy - complete proteins
9 Essential
Valine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Leucine
Histidine
13 Non-Essential
1.Glutamin
Glycine
3.Hydroxyproline
4.Proline
5.Serine
6.Tyrosine
7.Alanine
8.Arginine
9.Asparagine
10.Aspartic acid
11.Cysteine
12.Cystine
13.Glutamic acid
Need Phenylalanine to make a non essential - tyrosine.
Complete and incomplete - with incomplete need complementary combinations to make up the complete - this is how vegetarians obtain their complete protein
Growth, repair and maintenance - cells need replacing
Involved in the manufacturing of hormones - insulin and epinephrine
Proteins act as enzymes - bring out chemical reactions like digestion or protein synthesis
Plasma proteins (albumin) aids in maintaing fluid and electrolyte balance - changing osmotic pressure
Amino acids have acid and base - neutralise excesses - maintain normal pH
Help transport other substance through the blood - haemoglobin transports oxygen and lipoproteins transport lipids
Function with immune system - create lymphocytes and antibodies - protect from infection and disease.
Thrombine - helps the blood clot
