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Specific learning difficulty (Developmental coordination disorder …
Specific learning difficulty
Definition
The skill is more delayed than expected
for the childs level of cognitive ability
Developmental
coordination disorder
(dyspraxia)
Definition
Disorder of motor planning/execution
with no abnormal neurology
Pathophysiology
Abnormal higher cortical processes
May have associated perception, speech and language problems
Clinical presentation
Clumsy, incoordinated child
Messy handwriting
Problems getting dressed
Problems self feeding
Problems copying and drawing
Complications
Poor self esteem
Poor academic achievement
Diagnosis
History
Examination - developmental, general medical, MSE
Investigations - bedside, bloods, imaging
Management
Conservative:
information, advice, support; referral to physio, OT, SALT, visual assessment
Dyslexia
Diagnosis
History
Examination (developmental, MSE)
Investigations: visual and hearing
Clinical presentation
Poor reading age (<2y from expected)
Slow reading
Management
Information, advice, support
Referral (educational psychologist)
Definition
Disorder of reading skills
Dyscalculia
Definition
Disorders of calculation
Dysgraphica
Definition
Disorders of writing
Executive function
Diagnosis
History
Examination: development, MSE
Investigations: bedside, bloods, i
maging, vision/hearing tests
Clinical presentation
Poor concentration
Forgetfulness
Volatile mood
Poor social skills
Management
Conservative:
information, advice, support,
referral to educational psychologist, OT, physio, SALT
Definition
Disorder of planning, organisation,
problem solving, abstract reasoning