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Neurotransmission in four steps (Step 1 - Neurotransmitter Synthesis and…
Neurotransmission in four steps
Step 1 - Neurotransmitter Synthesis and Storage
NTs can be created in two ways
created in the cell body with instructions from neurons DNA
packaged in membranes on the golgi bodies
transported on microtubules to axon terminal
might synthatized wthin presynaptic terminal
transported from mRNA to terminal
created in axon terminal
transporters (proteins that transport) take the necessary food from the body
mitochondria provide proteins with energy needed to synthatize neurotransmitters
pack them in membranous vesicle
Step 2 - Neurotransmitter Release
action potential arises
volatge-sensitive calcium channels in presynaptic membrane are forced to open
allows calcium to enter the membrane
response: synaptic vesicles empty their content in the synaptic cleft
aka Exocytosis
Step 3 - Receptor-Site Activation
NT in synaptic cleft
bind transmitter-activated receptors in postsynaptic membrane
postsynaptic membrane can be affected in three ways
Receptor the NT bound to might depolarize the postsynaptic membrane -> excitation
Receptor the NT bound to might hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane -> inhibition
Receptor the NT bound to might provoke other chemical reactions
Step 4 - Neurotransmitter Deactivation