Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Autism spectrum disorder (Risk factors (Psychiatric disorder ADHD …
Autism spectrum
disorder
Definition
Autism
Persistent psychological disorder from childhood with impaired social and communication skills that
limits ADLs and associated learning disability
Asperger's syndrome
Form of ASD without learning disability
and fewer speech problems
Pathophysiology
Unclear
Genetic and environmental interplay
Clinical
presentation
Restricted, repetitive behaviour, interests and activities
Stereotyped/repetitive motor movements
Restricted, fixed interests abnormal in focus/intensity
Fascination with sensory aspects of environment or underreactivity to sensations
Impaired social and communication
Non-verbal communication (eye contact, facial expression)
Lack of response or interest in others
Rejection of physical contact
Inappropriate interactions with others
Reduced or absent social play, sharing interests, attention
Developing and maintaining relationships
Language delay or regression
Repetitive, restricted speech and phrases
Regression or loss of speech
Unusual characteristics of speech
Language delay
Associated
conditions
Learning disability
Functional problems
Sleep, eating, GIT issues, sensory issues
Mental health problems
Anxiety, ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder,
challenging behaviour
Diagnosis
Examination
Development exam
Speech and language delay
May have cognitive delay
History
PC/HPC
Speech and language delay,
unusual behaviour, poor relationships
POH
Scans, bloods, growth, gestation,
delivery, weight, occupation
PMH
Growth and development
Vaccinations
Known medical conditions
FH
Mood disorders, ASD
DH
Meds, allergies
SH
Living arrangements, school/nursery,
social support, social services
Differentials
Congenital/developmental
Hearing impairment
Visual impairment
Specific language delay
Learning disability
Degenerative
Rett syndrome
Epileptic encephalopathy
Functional
ADHD
Mood disorder
Anxiety, OCD
Schizophrenia
Attachment disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder
Conduct disorder
Selective mutism
Child abuse/neglect
Management
Conservative
Information, advice, support (NHS Choices, Patient.uk)
Referral to autism team, paediatric neurologist, SALT
Voluntary organisations/charities
Benefits available, carer allowances
Social support, key worker
Educational support
Psychological
Behavioural therapy (applied behavioural analysis)
Epidemiology
M>>F
Commonest childhood onset
neurodevelopmental disorder (1%)
Onset 2-4 years of age
Risk factors
Psychiatric disorder
ADHD
Learning disability
Neurological disorder
Cerebral palsy
Encephalopathy
Muscular dystrophy
Neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis
Pregnancy
Valproate use
Gestation <35w
Genetic disorders
Down syndrome
Fragile X
FH
Siblings, parents with ASD
Parents with affective disorder/psychosis
Complications
Mental health problems
Anxiety, depression, stress (self, carers)
Self care
Inability to live alone, poor general health
Challenging behaviour
May pose safety risk to self/others
Social isolation
Inability to create and maintain relationships
Poor academic/work achievement
Often secondary to impaired social
ability, irrespective of intelligence
Prognosis
Lifelong disorder, varied severity
Better prognosis if no learning disability, language problems or mental health problems
Some are able to live independently
in adulthood
Improved prognosis with
early diagnosis and treatment