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Unit 6: How secure was the USSR's Control over Eastern Europe? (USSR…
Unit 6: How secure was the USSR's Control over Eastern Europe?
Hungarian Uprising
Catholic Church was banned by the USSR
They feared secret police
They had no freedom of speech
Khrushchev was going to accept some of the reforms and allow a popular budapest,but he could not allow the Hungary to leave Warsaw Pact
1000 of Soviet Troops rolled into the capital of the budapest.
3000 Hungarians fled across the border to escape violence.
Imre Nagy and leaders were imprisoned and then executed
Berlin Wall
West Germany had poured due to massive investment by the Western powers
Khrushchev insisted that Kennedy withdraw US troops from the city.
The Hungarian Uprising showed that it was possible to fight the communists
The US and USSR fully armed, faced each other in a intense stand-off.
Khrushchev ordered Ulbricht to avoid any actions that would increase tension
The communists said that the wall was as a protective shell around East Berlin.
The Capitalists said the wall was as a prison wall
Poland Solidarity
To solute this, workers begun setting up a trade union which would organize strikes in order to make changes.
The communist government cracked down on these union strike (arrest,lost of jobs).
The Polish economy was in bad shape,the price of food was going up.
Solidarity was an organized movement,not street protests or riots.
End of Censorship,free speech.
In Response,USSR placed tanks on the border with Poland
The leader of Solidarity Lech Walesa gave interviews and was seen as true leader
150,000 soldiers were arrested
Solidarity was declared illegal
Prague Spring
Dubcek was removed from power ,even though he expressed loyalty to communist and the Warsaw Pact.
Soviet tanks moved into Czechoslovakia
The USSR tried various methods in response with Dubcek to slow him down
Czechs wanted less censorship,more freedom of speech,and a reduction in the activities of the secret police.
Eastern Europe leaders feared that their own people would demand the same freedom that Dubcek had allowed in Czechoslovakia.
Troops performed very public training exercises right on the Czech border.
USSR collapse
People did not trust government
corruption in government was extremely bad
Economy was weak due to overspending around on the arms race (weapons,nukes).
communists party members could not get things that the ordinary citizens could not get
Gorbachev did not want to end communism, only change it for better
The media was less restricted and could now report news honestly
Gorbachev cut the number of soldiers he was paying
Gorbachev withdrew troops from Afghanistan
In 1985, Gorbachev informs the Warsaw Pact nations that they are free
The 15 republics in the USSR also began to declare their independence
Gorbachev announced the end of USSR