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What was the impact of the explorations of Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner and…

- - - - Zheng He’s seven voyages to the West have effectively promoted the transfer of human civilization from the mainland to the sea.
        The development of human history until the beginning of the 15th century, with the development of science and technology, sea transportation has increasingly shown greater superiority than land transportation. The demand for trade has made the Maritime Silk Road a common aspiration of all countries. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, with the strong national strength as the backing, Zheng He's seven voyages to the West, lasting nearly 30 years of sailing experience, broke the relatively scattered and isolated state of human interaction, and took an important step from the land to the sea. As a landmark event in the history of human communication from the land to the sea, Zheng He's voyages to the West promoted the interaction of human civilization from the Eurasian continent to the sea.
        
        Zheng He’s seven voyages to the West made a large number of Chinese people go abroad and head to the ocean, from the “Western Region” to the “Western Ocean”, marking a major turning point in China’s foreign exchanges from land to sea and a major turning point in human interaction from land to sea, contributing to human civilization. The interactive center has moved away from the Eurasian continent and moved to the sea; the era of a sea has come to an end and ultimately determines the direction of the world.
    - - when/how : From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He (1371-1433) set off from Suzhou seven times and led the fleet. He sailed west Pacific and the Indian Ocean under the command of Ming Chengzu Zhu Xi. He went to more than 30 countries and regions in Asia and Africa, strengthening the Ming Dynasty.
      - why: Zheng He is a eunuch trusted by Ming Chengzu who was the emperor. The emperor believes that using him as an envoy can strengthen the connection with the countries that believe in Islam.
      - How: Zheng He's fleet is the largest, most vessel- and most technologically advanced fleet in the world in the fifteenth century. Each time there are more than 200 large and small ships in the sea, the giant treasure ship is the largest sea boat in the fleet. It is also the largest wooden sailing ship in the world at that time. It is about 138 meters long and about 56 meters wide and can carry 800 people. In addition, there are various escort warships and logistics supply vessels of various sizes. The crew of the fleet is always between 27,000 and 8,000. This personnel are well organized and have a clear division of labor and perform their duties. The fleet also uses state-of-the-art navigation techniques such as compass and astronomical positioning, as well as effective communication methods such as flags, lanterns and stereos.
    - - In the early fifteenth century, China was a country with a high degree of civilization and developed economy and culture in the world. Wherever Zheng He went, he spread the Chinese calendar, books, crowns, measuring instruments and construction techniques, medical skills, etc. to the local people to promote China's system and culture. China's handicraft products, tea, porcelain, etc. have been imported into various parts of the West through exchange, and local materials and animals such as medicinal materials, spices, and gems in Asian and African countries have also been imported into China. So far in many places in Southeast Asia, there are stories about Zheng He's fleet, as well as ruins to commemorate Zheng He's temples.
        
        The Zheng He fleet opened a route for China to cross the Indian Ocean, reach the Persian Gulf, the Arabian Sea, the Red Sea and southeastern Africa, opening the way for Westerners to sail. Later, when the Portuguese navigator Da Gama circumvented the Cape of Good Hope along the west coast of Africa and reached the coast of East Africa, the locals told them that the Chinese had come here several times a few decades ago. The fleet successfully arrived in India with the help of Arab pilots.
    - - He is
        
        a Chinese mariner
        
        explorer
        
        diplomat
        
        fleet admiral
        
        court eunuch during China's early Ming dynasty.
        
        He was originally born as Ma He in a Muslim family and later adopted the conferred surname Zheng from Emperor Yong Le. He was born in Ming Hongwu during the year 1371. He is the second son of Maha (a former court official) and Zheng He has four sisters. In the 13th year of Hongwu (1381), the Ming army attacked Yunnan, and Ma and only ten years old were taken to Nanjing by the deputy commander of the Ming army, and they were castrated into eunuchs. The first year of Yongle (1403).
        Zheng He sailed seven times in 28 years and experienced many dangers. But because of his experience, he could solve all the problems. On the seventh voyage, he died on the west coast of India due to illness, and the emperor buried him in Nanjing. Another scholar believes that Zheng He’s grave in Nanjing is actually a cloak, and his body was already buried in the sea.
  - - - she ascended the first of these mountains, Broad Peak in the Karakorams, in 1994, although she reached a lower peak (26,335 feet [8,027 metres]) than the true summit. Over the next 17 years she climbed to the top of all 14 giants, beginning with Cho Oyu (26,906 feet [8,201 metres]) in the central Himalayas near Mount Everest in 1998.
        Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner was named “National Geographic's Explorer of the Year” in 2012 for her extraordinary achievement of becoming the first woman to summit all 14 of the world’s 8,000-meter peaks without using supplementary oxygen.
        
        Expeditions:
        
        2017 November | Kyajo Ri – Nepal (6186 m)
        
        2014 March/April | Monte Sarmiento – Tierra del Fuego / Chile (abandoned due bad weather conditions)
        
        2013 May | McKinley (Denali) – Alaska (6194 m)
        
        2012 May | Nuptse – Nepal (7861 m, via North Pillar)
        
        2011 August | K2 – China (8611 m, via North Pillar)
        
        2010 April/May | Everest – Tibet (via North-East Ridge to summit)
        
        2009 July/August | K2 – Pakistan (via Cesen Route to 8,300 m)
        
        2009 May | Lhotse – Nepal (8516 m)
        
        2008 May | Dhaulagiri I – Nepal (8167 m)
        
        2007 July/August | K2 – Pakistan (via Cesen Route to 8100 m)
        
        2007 July/August | Broad Peak – Pakistan (8047 m)
        
        2007 April/May | Dhaulagiri I – Nepal (Abandoned at 7400 m)
        
        2006 May | Lhotse – Nepal (Abandoned at 8400 m)
        
        2006 April/May | Kangchenjunga – Nepal (8595 m, South-West Ridge)
        
        2005 June/July | Gasherbrum II – Pakistan (8035 m, SW Ridge)
        
        2005 May/June | Everest – Tibet (Climb abandoned due to rescue)
        
        2005 May | Shisha Pangma – Tibet (8013 m, via South Face)
        
        2004 July | Gasherbrum I – Pakistan (8068 m, via Japanese Couloir)
        
        2004 May | Annapurna I – Nepal (8091 m, via French Route)
        
        2004 April | Xifeng Peak – Tibet (7221 m)
        
        2003 June | Nanga Parbat – Pakistan (8125 m, via Diamir Route)
        
        2003 April/May | Kangchenjunga – Nepal (to 7200 m, North Ridge)
        
        2002 April/ May | Manaslu – Nepal (8163 m)
        
        2001 April/May | Makalu – Nepal (8463 m)
        
        2000 April/ May | Shisha Pangma – Tibet (Central Summit, 8008 m)
        
        1999 Juni | Alpamayo – Peru (5947 m, Ferrari-Route )
        
        1998 April/May | Cho Oyu – Tibet (8201 m)
        
        1997 October | Ama Dablam – Nepal (6858 m SW Ridge)
        
        1995 May | Muztagh Ata – China (to 6600 m)
        
        1994 June/July | Broad Peak – Pakistan (False Summit 8027 m)
    - - she was born on December 13, 1970. she is a Austrian mountain climber, one of the first women to climb all 14 of the world’s “eight-thousanders”—peaks 26,250 feet (8,000 metres) and higher—and the first woman to do so without using supplemental oxygen-breathing apparatus.
    - - the time of her exploration wasn't too long ago from now, so her affection in the modern world is the same as the effect she had in her time.
        she inspired many other women to follow their dream. she fighted and used her action to prove female and she went against sexism.
        
        Inspired many other women to follow their dream
        
        Prove female
        
        Change views of both male and female
        
        Broke boundaries
        
        Women rights and equality